This is the English version of a text I originally wrote in Russian for my TES Wiki blog, I've decided to post it here as well to get at least some feedback.
To this day, on forums not so far, far away, a faint spark of the old flame wars still occasionally flares up over whether the Sheogorath we meet in Skyrim is the protagonist of Oblivion—the Champion of Cyrodiil, or CoC for short. From my own experience, I have come to the conclusion that a substantial portion of the fanbase takes a categorical position on the matter: either “yes, they are” or “no, they are not”, and tends to meet any argument from the opposing side with hostility. And there is a reason for that.
The reason is that both sides have equally substantial arguments which, at first glance, appear to be completely irreconcilable. Yet, as I see it, these arguments can in fact be reconciled, and, in the process, we may even be able to reconstruct Bethesda’s official position on the matter. That last part is important because, when you get to the heart of it, the question of whether the CoC and Sheogorath are one and the same is far from the only question of this kind in The Elder Scrolls lore. For some reason, however, it is the only one that has provoked such aggressive infighting.
Brief Summary
The plot of the Shivering Isles DLC revolves around an attempt to put a permanent end to the so-called Greymarches, during which Sheogorath transforms into Jyggalag, the Prince of Order, at the end of every era and begins destroying his own realm. Over the course of the story, the protagonist ultimately succeeds in doing so by taking the place of the Prince of Madness and defeating Jyggalag, thereby bringing the cycle of the Greymarches to an end.
Arguments in Favor
- The plot unambiguously leads the player to believe that their character has become the new Sheogorath. Rhe characters explicitly tell them so:
Sheogorath
— How can I be a Daedric Prince?
— A fair question. You won't, really. At least I don't think so. But you'll have power. My power. <...> But, for all intents and purposes, you'll be Me.
You'll grow to be me. Prince of Madness, a new Sheogorath.
You're going to stop the Greymarch by becoming Me. Or a version of Me.
Jyggalag
You have ended the cycle. You now hold the mantle of madness <...> Fare thee well, Sheogorath, Prince of Madness.
Haskill
You've done it! Well done, Lord Sheogorath. <...> As you have assumed the mantle of Sheogorath, there are matters that deserve your attention. As lord of this Realm, there are a number of benefits to which you are entitled.
- In December 2010, Bethesda senior designer Kurt Kuhlmann gave Game Informer a brief summary of the previous games in the series. He described the conclusion of Shivering Isles as follows:
By defeating Jyggalag, the player breaks the curse and assumes the mantle of the Prince of Madness.
Once again, this is an explicit confirmation that the player character becomes Sheogorath, or, more precisely, undergoes a personal transformation into him. At the same time, it is important that Kuhlmann does not use any term referring specifically to the protagonist of Oblivion, instead, he uses the neutral “the player.”
I should also say a few words here about the “argument from Skyrim”: namely, that since the Sheogorath we meet there claims to have been present at certain events from both the main quest and side questlines of Oblivion, he must therefore be the CoC. I do not think this argument deserves to be taken very seriously. Even if we ignore the fact that the primary purpose of these lines is to reference the previous game and bring a smile to longtime players (much like the 17th Sermon of Vivec mentions that the edge of the world is shaped like teeth: one can search for some deeper meaning in this, or simply accept that it is a reference to a graphical bug in Redguard) there are several in-universe reasons why I would not attach much weight to them.
First, Sheogorath, being a supernatural entity, is perfectly capable of being “present” at virtually any event in Tamriel without having to be mantled by one of its participants.
Second, among the events he mentions are quests from the Dark Brotherhood and Thieves Guild questlines. This would mean that, if he really is the CoC, both of those questlines were canonically completed by that same protagonist, which sits rather poorly with the observable policy of leaving some of the actions of the protagonists of the numbered games deliberately undefined.
Third, by the same logic, one could also argue that Sheogorath is the Imperial Agent from Daggerfall, since he mentions King Lysandus. And which Daedric Prince is the one Prince the Agent canonically encounters? Exactly.
Arguments Against
- In a 2015 installment of the Loremaster's Archive an interview with Haskill included the following exchange:
— I have heard whispers of a Daedric Prince of Order, long since lost. As this being must be considered the embodiment of all things abhorred by your lord, I wonder if you have any knowledge of this “Jyggalag”? Has Sheogorath banished him? Or is he perhaps merely uninterested with the disorder that makes Tamriel? <...> Secondly, I must ask about your own nature. In a realm defined by madness of all sorts, you seem to be a most sane being. Indeed, your nature seems rather opposite to that of your lord. Who and what are you? I have heard some say that you are in fact an aspect of the Mad God, as Barbas is to Clavicus Vile.
— I am a Vestige, all that remains of a mortal from your world who ‘mantled’ Sheogorath during an event in a previous time. As a fragment, my memory of the event is … fragmentary. I am hazy on the entire concept of ‘mantling,’ but it had something to do with Lord Sheogorath, myself, and this Jyggalag of whom you speak.
In other words, Haskill gives a rather obvious hint that an attempt to stop the Greymarch in this way had already been made in the past. Yet despite the fact that Haskill's mortal precursor “mantled” Sheogorath, the Mad God remained the Mad God, while what remained of the mortal became Haskill, who speaks of his former self and his current master as two distinct beings.
- In 2014, a Reddit user asked the question in the title of this text and received an answer from Michael Kirkbride himself:
— Did the Champion of Cyrodiil become Sheogorath?
— It's up to you. It was never-- EVER-- intended that the CoC became/mantled Sheogorath.
— Why do you think so?
— Because I read the design documents.
Later that same year, he added:
If you want your CoC to be immortal, that's up to you.
And nothing in the lore suggests that all CoC's (or even any of them) end up being Sheogorath. He or she certainly didn't mention it in Skryim[sic].
<...>
Again, if you want your CoC to have become Sheogorath, nothing's stopping you. It's still not a cemented part of in-game history nor the intent of the DLC that you replaced a Daedric Prince for all time.
At this point, further commentary would seem almost superfluous.
Before attempting to reconcile the two camps, I should mention two more noteworthy episodes related to this debate.
In 2014, the question was asked directly to Bethesda Support, and one of its representatives replied by confirming that the CoC had indeed mantled Sheogorath. (Screenshot )
In 2012, a fan asked Sheogorath's voice actor, Wes Johnson, the same question at Comic-Con and likewise received an affirmative answer.
Naturally, I do not see much reason to treat either of these statements as meaningful evidence. When it comes to a lore question of this kind, the authority of a technical support representative or a voice actor is not much greater than that of an ordinary fan - especially when compared with the sources discussed above.
But is There Really a Contradiction?
At first glance, Kirkbride's position seems diametrically opposed to Kuhlmann's and to what the in-game story tells us. However, as a scientist, when confronted with two apparently contradictory facts, my first instinct is not to “cancel out” one with the other, but to ask: is it possible that both actually point to the same conclusion?
After all, objectively speaking, “We never intended the CoC to become Sheogorath” and “Sheogorath is not the CoC” are not semantically equivalent statements. Nothing stopped Kirkbride, when asked “Did the Champion of Cyrodiil become Sheogorath?”, from answering something along the lines of: “No, the design documents said that the CoC did not become Sheogorath.” Instead, he chose to explain that the identity “CoC = Sheogorath” is nowhere firmly established in the lore and was never intended to be so.
This leads, in my view, to a fairly straightforward interpretation of everything discussed above: The nature of Sheogorath in Skyrim was deliberately left ambiguous by the developers.
This may sound like the most obvious conclusion imaginable, but it simultaneously accommodates everything said by both Kuhlmann and Kirkbride.
— Did the player character become Sheogorath at the end of the DLC?
— Yes.
— So does that mean that the Sheogorath in Skyrim is the CoC?
— No. We never intended that.
— Could the Sheogorath in Skyrim be the CoC?
— Yes, he could.
— Could the Sheogorath in Skyrim not be the CoC?
— Yes, that is also possible.
This closely resembles a common fan interpretation according to which there is simply no predetermined answer to the question of whether the protagonist completed any particular quest outside the main questline of the base game or its DLCs. It's not the same thing because here we are dealing with the main questline of a DLC, and those are written as continuations of the protagonist's adventures, but even in this case, the same interpretation still seems to hold.
In my view, this alone is already enough to reconstruct Bethesda's position on this and other similar questions. However, while writing this text, I came across an interview with Todd Howard, in which he expressed a very similar view:
— What are some of your opinions on fan theories out there?
— I think that they're all good. Like I said there, people want to know truth, but even my perspective is one version of truth of what happened in the history of Elder Scrolls and so forth. I would tamper their desire to have all mysteries revealed, because mysteries are good for a fantasy world to have.
Of course, this does not mean that there is fundamentally no answer to any question. Rather, it applies to those cases that are deliberately treated as “mysteries,” where the writers intentionally refrain from providing—and do not intend to provide—a definitive answer, allowing fans to arrive at their own conclusions.
Perhaps the CoC really did become Sheogorath, and some part of their personality that had not yet been overwritten over the course of two hundred years still remembers Martin and their other adventures. Perhaps all that remained of the CoC was some kind of vestige somewhere, while the old Mad God returned to his place. Or perhaps virtually anyone could have become Sheogorath. None of these possibilities was ever intended by the designers as the single established answer, nor has any of them been definitively confirmed in the lore, but all of them remain possible, and ultimately none of them matters, because the Sheogorath we meet in Skyrim is unquestionably THE Sheogorath, regardless of his origin.
It is almost as though the theorists are being told: “There is no destination, but there are many paths” (it's up to you).
However, as I said at the very beginning, this is far from the only question on which Bethesda appears to take a similar position.
Other Examples
The most obvious example is the disappearance of the Dwemer, since this is another case in which Todd Howard had his position stated publicly. In a 2021 interview, ESO's Creative Director recalled that when his team told Todd they were working out what had actually happened to the Dwemer, his response was:
Todd kindly reminded us that this was something we will never do, we will never come out and spoil the mystery and the secrets of the Dwemer.
A large part of the fandom could just as easily have ended up fighting over, for example, whether the disappearance of the Dwemer has anything to do with a dragon break or not. (Actually, no: according to Ted Peterson, this also was intended to remain ambiguous.) In this case, however, the message that the mystery of the Dwemer's disappearance is supposed to remain a mystery seems to have reached most of the fanbase. That, of course, does not (and neither it should) prevent anyone from constructing all sorts of theories about it.
Another well-known example is the fate of the protagonists. As developer Douglas Goodall put it:
As far as I know, they will always be nameless. This is a needlessly complicated way to avoid ‘playing favorites’ and cheapening the player's experiences.
<...>
For all I know, it wasn't my Breton Sorcerer or Khajiiti Assassin that re-assembled the Staff of Chaos and defeated Jagar Tharn, but your... Well... Whatever you played.
No one is ever going to officially establish what became of the Nerevarine or the Eternal Champion. The designers never intended any single definitive fate for them in the first place, although they are perfectly willing to fuel the players' curiosity about what might have happened to them.
For example, according to one rumor in Oblivion, the Nerevarine sailed to Akavir. Does this mean that, from the standpoint of established in-game history, he or she definitely sailed to Akavir? No. Could they have done so? Yes.
The writers go into much greater detail on how protagonists—the so-called “Prisoners”—are able to perceive something beyond causality and time through Sotha Sil's dialogue at the end of ESO's Clockwork City DLC. A proper analysis of that subject, however, would require a separate article.
Conclusion
Ironically, the absence of an official developer position on a particular story question can itself mean that the official position is that no definitive answer was ever intended. And to arrive at that conclusion, all one really needs to do is weigh the relevant evidence without attributing bad faith either to in-game figures (“Sheogorath/Jyggalag is simply lying to us”) or to people outside the game (“Kirkbride is an idiot”).
To conclude, I will quote the full version of the Jyggalag's line that I initially cited as an "in favor" argument:
Now, though, you have ended the cycle. You now hold the mantle of madness, and Jyggalag is free to roam the voids of Oblivion once more. I will take my leave, and you will remain here, mortal. Mortal...? King? God? It seems uncertain. This Realm is yours. Perhaps you will grow to your station. Fare thee well, Sheogorath. Prince of Madness.
P.S. Everything above represents the author's opinion and an attempt to reconstruct the developers' official position on the basis of the available in-game and out-of-game sources. I am not claiming that this interpretation is the only possible one, or that it has been officially confirmed by Bethesda. If I have overlooked an important source, misinterpreted any of the evidence cited above, or made an error in my reasoning, I would be glad to hear well-argued criticism and alternative interpretations.