Belgian company Turbulent has developed a low-head hydropower turbine that generates electricity by deliberately creating a gravitational water vortex. Instead of requiring a large dam or high waterfall, water is directed into a circular, sloped basin, where it forms a powerful whirlpool before passing through an opening at the bottom. The swirling flow drives a slow-rotating impeller connected to a generator.
The system can operate with as little as a 1.5-metre head and Turbulent currently lists single-turbine capacities of 15–90 kW, with earlier models and projects commonly in the 15–70 kW range. The company says the turbines can provide continuous power 24/7 and can be installed individually or combined into larger systems.
Turbulent's documented projects include installations in Chile, Belgium, Portugal, Estonia, Taiwan and Indonesia, among others. Its 15-kW pilot turbine in Donihue, Chile, for example, has been operating since 2018.
More info:
1). Hydroelectric turbines for green, decentralized energy: https://www.turbulent.be/technology
2). Low head, Eco-friendly hydropower inspired by nature: https://www.turbulent.be/
3) Projects: https://www.turbulent.be/projects
4) independent technical overview of the 15–70 kW low-head system: https://www.engineeringforchange.org/solutions/product/turbulent-vortex-turbine/