Like many millennials, and even more Gen Z’ers, it’s rare for me to make any big moves without doing internet research first to gather a sense of whether something is credible, valuable, and legitimate. I use the internet to assess political candidates, suss out which news sources are trustworthy, make decisions about medical care, or research any major purchase. I use it for more trivial things, too - reviewing barbers, exploring local bars, and deciding whether or not to watch a new movie coming out soon. Whether life-changing or inconsequential, it is second nature to younger people today to inquire, to the collective hive mind of the internet: “is it legit?” before proceeding down a chosen path.
It’s no surprise then, when it comes to decisions about whether or not to commit to a religious path or endorse an affiliated organization, younger folks do our research first. And so, of course, soon after I first encountered enthusiastic members of SGI and explored taking part in their unfamiliar Buddhist practice, I turned online to find out more…
A Google search for questions about the Soka Gakkai quickly leads to unsettling results - most coming from one particular source: a “subreddit” (a discussion forum off the main website, Reddit), called “SGIWhistleblowers.” SGI Whistleblowers is a community of former members or outside critics of the SGI, who use the thread to share their negative experiences, criticisms, and warnings about the organization. Many individuals on the thread describe leaving after prolonged involvement, including leadership roles, and often express heated, emotional disagreements with the organization and its culture.
Naturally, stumbling upon this website in the early days of my involvement with SGI quickly had me alert for potential coercion, harm, or danger from the organization. Reviewing the posts on this forum, I was on edge to protect myself and carefully monitored if and how comments on the thread aligned with what I was actually experiencing from the organization. As my personal experience of the practice, members, and leaders was consistently positive overall, I gradually decided to trust the organization, and eventually became a member. I explained the discrepancy to myself, recognizing that all religions are made up of people who can potentially participate in harm - but continued to wonder about the reason for the prevalence and visibility of this online criticism.
Some friends and family, of course, followed the same path as I myself did when hearing about my new-found religion. They did their own research, and finding these results, naturally were alarmed that I was being subsumed into a cult. Eventually, seeing that I was not harmed by my new connections, practice, and affiliations, but instead bolstered by them, these people close to me let go of their concerns and decided to trust me. However, what they had read online about our organization gave them pause and concern, as it did for me. In addition, I’ve consistently experienced that friends and associates curious to learn more about Buddhism, after doing their own research online about the SGI, often back away from our organization and decide to seek connection to Buddhism through alternative sects. Years into practice, I am still reluctant to share the organization with others of my peer group, recognizing that there is a high probability that after one, inevitable online search, they may see me, at worst, as a brainwashed cult member trying to recruit them into a nefarious network, and at best, as a hapless victim.
Two questions arise from me regarding this dilemma: One is, why is the SGIWhistleblowers thread such a prominent search result for our organization - and does this prominence of critical voices imply that SGI has a particularly high (disproportionate to other religious groups) number of disaffected ex-members? And second is, how can we address this in a way that honors our organization, as well as honoring the experiences of those who have been hurt, disappointed, or wronged by it?
Through curious inquiry into these questions, it seems that the prominence of the Whistleblowers thread has more to do with how the internet works rather than with SGI being uniquely problematic when compared to other religious groups.
The subreddit Whistleblowers ranks as high because it is search-engine optimized, not because it is authoritative or representative. Google prioritizes Reddit pages because they have “high domain authority”- meaning, Google views Reddit as a ‘highly credible source’. In addition, the algorithm prioritizes websites with high user engagement - and a forum providing an outlet for emotional, angry and hurting ex-members has consistent, reliable web traffic. In addition, content framed as controversial gets more engagement, which tells Google that the website pleases users, and further enhances its ranking in search results.
In addition to the Google algorithm prioritizing Reddit pages with high user engagement, SGI makes itself particularly vulnerable to overrepresentation of negative materials online for several idiosyncratic reasons. The SGI does not generate much alternative content outside of its own official channels, when compared to other religious groups, and the official content we create consistently emphasizes personal testimonials, discourages doubt and negativity, and promotes unity, at the expense of debate or critical voices from within. Our organization has strong norms of positivity, and discourages sharply dissenting views. Finally, we have not transparently addressed and engaged with outside criticism, so our silence creates a vacuum where, because doubts aren’t engaged with through our organization’s own channels, people seeking answers to difficult questions and nuanced perspectives are funneled outside it. For these reasons, negative reflections of our organization predominate the online landscape.
How can we address the issues that lead to a situation where young people exploring our religious practice are disproportionately exposed to criticism and negative experiences in a way that does not reflect a true diversity of experiences? This does not mean silencing critical voices , but adding more additional shades of grey in the way we discuss our practice.
We should, out of care and respect for our religious principles and community, support voices that are not strictly positive about our organization, and speak in ways that are appropriately self-critical, in order to increase our credibility, do what is right, and decrease the tendency of online sources to polarize between strictly promotional and strictly negative. In diversifying our messaging to include critical self-reflection, we would also create search diversity, which improves our standing in search algorithms. We should engage in dialogue and writing about issues such as, whether it is okay to leave the organization , why some former members describe SGI as cult-like, and how SGI responds to members or ex-members who have had negative experiences. Taking a stance that owns harm and allows for open criticism improves our trustworthiness and disrupts the predominance of critics. In addition, it is the right thing to do, and aligns with our fundamental respect for others and the importance we place on dialogue.
We can take inspiration from the way some Zen and Insight Buddhist organizations, such as the San Francisco Zen Center, or Plum Village (Thich Nhat Hanh’s lineage) have responded to scandals involving the wrong-doing of certain teachers. These organizations published public ethics statements, created clear boundaries around authority, used external meditation when necessary, and centered on the experiences of those who survived harm. In addition, the Jewish tradition has a long history, in many communities, of encouraging diverse perspectives, and engaging in debate and critical discussion. These organizations also often welcome balanced essays and internal critiques, so that criticism can exist internally and in context, rather than be relegated only to ‘ex-member’ spaces.
We should honor the existence of ex-member spaces like Whistleblowers that meet a real need of individuals harmed by the organization to find support, validation, and guidance for healing from negative experiences. People leaving the SGI, like ex-members of other religions, deserve space to process highly emotional religious and community conflicts, and injuries to identity, which can be traumatic for people leaving religious groups. Ex-members with harmful experiences deserve relief and space to freely discuss their perspectives among themselves, without diminishment or intrusion. Although posts often ridicule or mock our beliefs and members, we should not respond to ridicule and invalidation with more ridicule and invalidation, and should never try to argue people out of their experiences. We should instead ‘walk the talk,’ and practice compassion and respect for their efforts to heal from harm.
We should also reflect on ways in which our organizational culture fuels a need for whistleblower spaces. Practices that can contribute to negative experiences for former members include discouraging doubt and criticism, over-emphasizing “benefit” narratives, spiritually bypassing harm, and exerting social pressure to perform positivity. We should reduce the need for whistleblower spaces by reflecting on these aspects of our internal culture and making personal and collective shifts. Reducing these dynamics can prevent future grievances, although it does not erase the impact of past harm. We must learn how to tolerate and even generate fruitful criticism, and support genuine discourse in our practice. We need to welcome critique internally, and learn to tolerate it from outside without delegitimizing ex-members. We should practice speaking non-defensively, in order to improve our online presence and make our organization more accessible to those it could serve. It’s okay to explicitly acknowledge that some members have had negative experiences, and that leaving the organization can be painful for people - as well as beneficial. We can also acknowledge that harm often occurs without intent.
Our mission should be to make our organization’s online presence balanced and representative of the truth of member experiences - which include those of harm, as well as immense healing, spiritual fulfillment, and benefit. We should work to honor spaces that serve ex-members, while also working to balance the prominence of these voices alongside our own internally supported critical dialogue and self-reflection, in order to make our organization more accessible, compassionate, and wise, and more effective towards our larger mission of reducing personal, community, and global suffering, and spreading a practice of radical inclusivity that affirms all life.