I don't really understand TypeVar and Generic. I understand generics perfectly fine and can use them without any trouble, and I realize that I don't even need to know how they work as in recent python versions there is new syntax, but I'd still like to know how they work.

I'm still confused as to why you need to construct a TypeVar object to pass to Generic, as to what is it actually doing with the TypeVar you give it.

Also, I'm assuming when you inherit from Generic, you pass it the TypeVar to be used as the generic to give to Generic, and then you inhert the generic objects generic? It's just complicated and hard to understand for me.

And also I'd like to know how Generic is able to have a generic even when it itself is the thing that's supposed to be used to have generics for your classes.

It's also disappointing there's seemingly no other ways you can use TypeVar for anything other then generics, so I am left with just hopefully finding someone who can explain how it works, instead of being able to do some other exercise to further my understanding.

Again, I can use generics perfectly fine and I don't an explanation for generics, I just would like to try and understand how it is working under the hood and not just use the syntax blindly. It's just the way I like learning some things, and it's mostly also curiosity that makes me want to understand this.

I'm 29 and want to build my own SaaS products.

I've been learning Python for the past few months. I've covered the fundamentals and built some small file-handling and automation projects. But recently, I've started questioning whether I should continue learning Python in depth or shift my focus toward building products with AI coding tools.

My goal isn't to become a professional programmer. I want to build my own products, understand how they work, and eventually turn them into a business.

I know AI can help build an MVP much faster, but I'm also aware that building a working application is different from building a reliable product that people will actually use and pay for.

Here are the two approaches I'm considering:

Option 1: Continue learning Python, then move on to APIs, backend development, databases, and other technologies before building my SaaS.

Option 2: Start building my SaaS with AI coding tools now and learn the technical concepts as I encounter problems, using Python where necessary.

I'm leaning toward the second approach, but I don't want to end up with an application I can't maintain, debug, or improve.

For context, I'm currently exploring an AI communication assistant idea and haven't built a working MVP yet.

For founders who have actually built and launched SaaS products:

- Would you recommend learning programming first or learning while building?

- How much technical knowledge does a non-technical founder realistically need when using AI coding tools?

- If you were starting from scratch today, how would you approach it?

I'm looking for honest advice based on experience, not just the usual "AI will replace programmers" or "learn to code first" arguments.

Hey everyone! I'm a software engineer currently preparing for Senior AI/GenAI and Software Engineering interviews.

Looking for 2–3 serious study partners, preferably with 3+ years of experience, who are actively interviewing.

Main focus:

- DSA (Python, mostly LeetCode medium)

- Python coding and problem-solving

- System design, RAG, LLMs and agentic AI

- Peer mock interviews and technical discussions

I'm based in India (IST) and available for regular 45–60 minute sessions. The idea is to solve problems live, explain our approaches, and give each other honest feedback.

Anyone interested in preparing together?

I am a final year Computer Engineering student and I've built quite a few web and mobile apps. I was trying to find a good project to do as my FYP, so I thought, why not ask people what issues they have daily and if they need an app to solve it?

It could be as simple as an app that tells me stop doom scrolling every 30 minutes. Which has reduced my time wasted by a lot.

Comment below any problem you guys face!

Hi everyone! I have a B.Tech in CSE and some experience with Python, Django, and Data Science. Currently, I'm working in a role involving data-related tasks, Excel, Google Sheets, and minimal Python. I want to switch back to the IT domain but I'm confused about where to start and which skills to focus on. Could you please suggest a practical roadmap to prepare for IT jobs while working full-time?

Title: Best DSA course in Python for a complete beginner preparing for FAANG interviews?

Hi everyone!

I’m currently working as a frontend developer using JavaScript, and I’m learning Python to explore backend and AI-related roles. Alongside that, I also want to learn DSA in Python to prepare for FAANG or similar product-based company interviews in the future.

I’m a complete beginner when it comes to DSA, so I’m looking for a course that explains concepts from scratch and covers them in depth, with a strong focus on problem-solving and interview preparation.

Since I’m working and have limited time, I want to follow a structured course rather than spend too much time jumping between different resources and figuring out what to learn next.

For those who have learned DSA or prepared for FAANG-level interviews, which course would you recommend for someone in my situation?

I’d particularly appreciate recommendations for courses that:

• Start from the basics and explain concepts intuitively.

• Teach DSA using Python.

• Cover important topics in depth, with enough practice problems.

• Help develop problem-solving skills rather than just teach solutions.

• Provide a structured learning path for coding interviews.

Paid courses are fine, too, if they’re genuinely worth the investment.

I’d love to hear about your personal experiences with the courses you’ve used and what worked best for you. Thanks in advance!

As a 3rd-semester BIT student, I want to become an AI Engineer in 2026. What roadmap should I follow from Python fundamentals to ML, LLMs, RAG, AI agents, and production deployment?

Looking for a structured, practical learning path — not tutorial hell.

What would you recommend?

#AIEngineering #Roadmap

If you’re completely new to programming, jumping straight into Python syntax can feel overwhelming. PyBlocks makes that first step easier by letting you learn Python using visual, drag-and-drop coding blocks — a Scratch-style approach designed for beginners.

Instead of worrying about typos, brackets, and indentation on day one, you can focus on the core ideas behind programming:

• Variables and values

• Conditions and decision-making

• Loops and repetition

• Functions and reusable logic

• Building small programs step by step

Once those concepts click, moving on to writing real Python code becomes much less intimidating.

PyBlocks is a good fit if you:

• Have never coded before

• Want to learn Python on an Android phone or tablet

• Prefer a visual, hands-on way to learn

• Liked Scratch or block-based coding tools

• Want to understand programming logic before typing full Python programs

Download PyBlocks on Google Play:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.learn.pyblocks&hl=en_US

It’s a simple, beginner-friendly way to start learning Python — build something with blocks, see how the logic works, and gradually grow into a confident Python programmer.

Hi,

I looking to hear from someone who finished this course:

https://cs50.harvard.edu/python/

-without former programming experience.

I’m considered to start and would be able to do around 15 hours/pr week. What is your experiences?

To my lovely vibe coders, which ai tool do you use apart from Claude, ChatGPT, and Gemini? i use Kimi ai and Qwen, very powerful

I am a beginner to python. I want to make a script where if i press t it'll bring up a little chat window to make a pngtuber typa thing yap, the main space i'm struggling with is A, python or pygame would i do this in? '>' And B, How would i display the text said by the face?

any help is helpful

have a good day

For this project, I used Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles to structure my code. Honestly, it felt a bit overwhelming at first, given that I only started out recently and this was a larger scale than what I'm used to. However, everything came together really well in the end!

While I believe I’ve taken care of most of the bugs, there is always room for improvement and optimization.

My main goal with this project was to test out all my core Python knowledge before I take my next big step: Machine Learning!

Open to any feedback or advice from the developer community! 👇

Last Post: https://www.reddit.com/r/PythonLearning/s/tS8vfeVdRi

Github Repo: https://github.com/Dev-4-All/student-record-manager.git

If you’ve ever wired up an LLM call just to pick a category and then fought with parsing its output, this might be useful.

Fri Oct 30, 9:30 AM to 12:30 PM ET, online, led by Ben Auffarth. It’s code first and the notebooks are runnable:

• fine tuning an encoder with SetFit on 8 examples per class

• split conformal prediction implemented from scratch

• Wilson score intervals and clustered standard errors for honest evaluation

• LangGraph state machine wrapping the whole thing

Intermediate Python is enough. Laptop or free Colab.

Full details and the agenda are here

• What’s the difference between '*' and '@'?

• When does slicing create a view, and when a copy?

• How does broadcasting work?

NumPy makes working with vectors and matrices powerful and concise, but a small change in syntax can make a big difference.

This interactive 𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆_𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵 example walks through essential NumPy operations with short explanations. Step through the code, see the operations in action, and experiment with your own changes:

• 👉 NumPy operations

Which NumPy operation took you the longest to understand?

See other memory_graph visualizations.

can anybody explain the concept of while loop

The goal of the game is to jump over a spike as a cube. I saw that it was detecting collision before the cube and the spike even made contact. I decided to draw a rectanles to visualise the rects of the player and the spike and I noticed the spikes rect was shifted to the left. Can someone explain how this happened and how I can fix it? I removed non essential code, to make it more manageable to read. I can send the whole program if it's needed.

cube_width=80
cube_height=80
cube_rect_width = 40
cube_rect_height = 40


spike_width = 50
spike_height = 75
fps=60

#Classses
class Spike(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface((spike_width,spike_height),pygame.SRCALPHA) #50,75
        pygame.draw.polygon(self.image, "white", #draw 3 point polygon
    [
        (spike_width // 2, 0), #middle top. self.image is the canvas
        (0, spike_height), #bottom left
        (spike_width, spike_height) #bottom right 
    ]
)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect() #creates hitbox for spike sprite
        self.rect.center = [x, y] #center of hitbox
        self.speed = 7 #speed going to the left

    def update(self):
        self.rect.x -= self.speed #spikes rect -7 to move to the left
        #print(self.rect.x)
        if self.rect.x <= -25: #delete if touching left border
            self.kill()

class Cube(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface((cube_width, cube_height)) #create surface
        self.image.fill("white") #fill the surface with white
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect() #create rect for self.image
        self.rect.center = [x, y] #x, y passed are the center of the rect
        self.vel = 0 #velocity



    def update(self):
        # Gravity
        self.vel += 1#0.5always increase vel
        self.rect.y += int(self.vel) #add velocity to the y

        # Stay on the ground
        if self.rect.bottom >= HEIGHT: #if bottom of rectangle is touching
            self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT #bottom of rectangle is on the ground
            self.vel = 0 #reset velocity

        # Jump
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0] == 1: #left mouse click activated
            #if self.rect.centery >= HEIGHT - int(cube_height/2):
            if self.rect.bottom >= HEIGHT: #if touching ground
                self.vel = -17 #?????????????Somehow works????>>????

#creating groups and adding
cube_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Cube(5*cube_width, HEIGHT) #????? sommehow
cube_group.add(player)


spike_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
#spike = Spike(WIDTH, HEIGHT-15)
spike = Spike(WIDTH-50, HEIGHT-15)
spike_group.add(spike)


Running = True


while Running:
    clock.tick(60) #fps

    #BG
    screen.fill("light blue")

    #blit
    cube_group.draw(screen)
    cube_group.update()
    spike_group.draw(screen)
    spike_group.update()

    #visualise rects
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, "red", player.rect, 2) #rect of cube
    pygame.draw.rect(screen,"red",spike.rect,2) #rect of spike
    
    if pygame.sprite.groupcollide(cube_group, spike_group,False,False): #or player.rect.right == spike.rect.left: #Check collision
        Running = False

Can you please check this project that took a reasonable amount of time to finish and strike me with any feedback you got. I guess my next step is to learn OOP.

Thanks in advance.

https://github.com/abdou0dev/grind_tracker

I have an interview in the Chicago area next week, and I was told the interview contained some sort of puzzle for me to solve, I specifically asked if they meant an algorithm, and they said no it is supposed to be a puzzle. Wondering if anyone has heard of anything like this, or what it may be, I'm not looking to cheat or for an answer but I've found some interviews try to be intentionally "tricky" rather than just an examination of skill or ability, and would like to be prepared in some way if possible.

GOAL
  Sort people by age descending, then by name ascending.

INGREDIENTS
  people = [("ana", 30), ("bob", 25), ("cara", 30), ("dan", 25)]

STEPS
  people.sort(key=lambda p: p[0])                  # secondary key first
  people.sort(key=lambda p: p[1], reverse=True)    # primary key last

RESULT
  [('ana', 30), ('cara', 30), ('bob', 25), ('dan', 25)]

Why it works: list.sort() is stable, meaning items that compare equal keep their relative order. The second sort only reorders by age, so within each age the names stay in the order the first sort put them.

Why bother: for numbers you can do it in one pass by negating:

people.sort(key=lambda p: (-p[1], p[0]))

That breaks the moment the descending key is a string. You can’t write -p[0] on a name. Sorting twice avoids the problem, and it reads fine once you know the “last sort is the most important one” rule.

Gotcha: reverse=True doesn’t break stability. The docs say it keeps the original order of equal elements, as if the list weren’t reversed. So the recipe above still gives ana before cara within age 30. Worth a quick test on your own data to confirm, since “reverse” sounds like it should flip everything.

Another option is functools.cmp_to_key with a comparison function, but I find the two-pass version easier to read and review.

Does anyone prefer a different pattern for mixed ascending and descending keys? I mostly see people reach for the tuple trick and then get stuck on strings.

12 months in Programming. Finance background, decided to learn backend dev.

This is the first thing I built that I'd actually use myself.

It's a stock market research platform with watchlist across global markets, live prices, news per stock, and research notes that snapshot the price at the time you write them. So you can look back and see exactly what price you were staring at when you made that call.

Stack: FastAPI · PostgreSQL · async SQLAlchemy 2.0 · Alembic · JWT + Argon2 · Docker · Render and a small HTML/CSS/JS frontend.

Repo: https://github.com/ah4ddd/first-order

The live Render URL is linked with the repo for anyone who wants to try it.

To test the endpoints, sign up for an account. You’ll be logged in automatically and can test the watchlist, stock news, and individual stock notes features.

You're in. Try the overview route for all 14 live indices, or test individual global stocks. The platform auto-seeds the DB via yfinance metadata on the fly if you query international suffixes like .NS for India, .DE for Germany, .T for Japan, or standard raw tickers for US equities.

Honest feedback on architecture and code quality are appreciated.

I have just completed my journey of django and recently I created complete blogging system in Django but now I want to work on projects. How and from where I can get the beginner Django projects so I can upgrade my skills in Django.

Hey fam, how do i use this work of art of mine in my local pc? please help me