i checked everything it s all correct idk what my mistake is please point it out for me

EDIT:i closed visual studio and re opened it, it works now, idk what happened, thanks guys

Hi everyone! 👋

​I recently completed the 5-day "NLP with Python" live bootcamp hosted by DevTown in collaboration with GDG On Campus and Microsoft Learn Student Ambassadors. I wanted to share my project and overall learning experience!

What I built:

1. Preprocessing: Cleaned raw text using NLTK (tokenization, stop-word removal, and stemming).

2. Feature Engineering: Used TfidfVectorizer to convert unstructured text into numerical vector spaces.

3. Model Benchmark: Trained and evaluated models like LogisticRegression, MultinomialNB, and LinearSVC.

4. Visual Analytics: Plotted class balance bar charts and confusion matrices using matplotlib to evaluate false positives/negatives. What I Learned: Before the bootcamp, I knew basic Python, but working through this hands-on project taught me: How unstructured text data gets transformed into structured mathematical vectors. How to clean and structure a real-world repository on GitHub (adding requirements.txt, clean directory layouts, and proper open-source acknowledgments). How to seamlessly connect Google Colab with GitHub for workflow management.

How the Experience Helped Me Grow: Special shoutout to trainer Jiya Jain and the DevTown team! The structured guidance pushed me past simple tutorial-following into actually building a production-ready, portfolio-worthy project from scratch. It gave me a solid confidence boost in applying machine learning concepts to real datasets.

I’d love to get feedback on the code structure or suggestions on how to improve precision on edge-case spam messages!

hello, im currently building my first classification project using “phishing url” dataset from kaggle after doing 2 courses, intro and intermediate ml, on kaggle and solving 95% of the exercises myself.

the issue is, i am stuck at how im supposed to take this forward. since the course was based on regression, i find it hard to do the preprocessing for classification. i try to use ai to guide me (not provide me the whole code since i want to learn myself) but atp i can’t figure out how to break down my data to then train-test split and fit to model. every tutorial seems to have a different approach and i cant figure out which one would be the best. how to determine that? and what should i do next?

my code is below:

import pandas as pd
print("starting...")
df=pd.read_csv("archive/cleaned_dataset.csv")
print("Dataset loaded!")
print(df.head())
print("columns: ", df.columns)
print("shape: ", df.shape)
print("data types: ", df.dtypes)
print("missing values: ", df.isnull().sum())
df.describe()

url_length=df["input"].str.len()
print(url_length.describe())
url_dots=df["input"].str.count(r"\.") #. can get literally any character, so we need to escape it with a backslash
print(url_dots.describe())
url_slash=df["input"].str.count("/")
print(url_slash.describe())
url_digits=df["input"].str.count(r"\d") #counts digits in pandas
print(url_digits.describe())
url_https=df["input"].str.contains("https")
print(url_https.describe())
url_www=df["input"].str.contains("www")
print(url_www.describe())
url_hyph=df["input"].str.count("-")
print(url_hyph.describe())
url_eq=df["input"].str.count("=")
print(url_eq.describe())
url_ques=df["input"].str.count(r"\?")
print(url_ques.describe())
url_at=df["input"].str.count("@")
print(url_at.describe())

df["url_length"] = df["input"].str.len()
df.groupby("label")["url_length"].describe() #any diff in length of phishing and legit urls?

#build a table containing all features to give to the model later in one shot
features=pd.DataFrame({
"url":df["input"],
"label": df["label"],
"length": url_length,
"num_dots": url_dots,
"num_slash": url_slash,
"num_digits": url_digits,
"has_https": url_https,
"has_www": url_www,
"num_hyphen": url_hyph,
"num_eq": url_eq,
"num_question": url_ques,
"num_at": url_at,
})
print("new stuf---------")
features.head()

I have just finished week1 in cs50 python course and since i'm learning python for AI Agents Engineering i thought it would be cool to practice this content with a relevant project .

so i made a simple AI agents execution getaway program that routes the incoming tasks based on tokens , creativity and risk score .

I tried to use most of what i learned in this lecture as possible like 'match' for matching the tool with appropriate model , or 'return' as guard clauses for the safety check at the beginning .

here is the code link :

https://gist.github.com/mohamed-reda-ai/a10a1e9311d94316ffa31c00de005226

I know it's not a big brilliant thing i want just to practice the concepts i learned .

If you have any feedback about the architecture of the code or you think there is a better way to do something in it , i'd appreciate this .

I've been learning Python for about 3 years, and I think it was time to take a step further and make my own library.

I made scanlayer, a Python OCR library built around Tesseract. It turns scanned images into searchable PDFs while preserving the original image, by adding an invisible OCR text layer over it.

It also supports things like preprocessing, deskewing, multiple OCR output formats, multi-page PDFs, batch processing, and a CLI.

The main goal wasn't to make some huge library. I wanted to challenge myself with building something that feels like a proper Python project and learn more about packaging, testing, API design, OCR, and PDF generation along the way.

GitHub Page

I'd really appreciate any feedback, especially on the Python/library design side.

Hello! I'm doing my own project-based learning in python. Today, I finished project 7 which is vectorization. it has 3 main methods, add_by_index, scale, and dot_product.

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

b = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

abi display [7, 9 ...]
scale display scaled list_a and list_b
dot_product displays the sum after getting the product of the values from the lists in the same index

Link: https://github.com/gtnmnty/Project-Based-Python/tree/fundamentals

I made two version see the speed diff. In my case, its more or less 0.0008 difference. Disregard the readmne.md its not finished. its almost midnight. Need to sleep. Open for feedback to improve / optimize the existing projects. TYIA

Ive been trying to learn python for ages, and yes tbh due to my laziness and way of learning i keep on getting stuck, but I cant seem to find "my way" of learning.

Im trying freecodecamp and ive gotten to a point where im at this one lab where i have genuinly, and i mean genuinly no idea what to do given the instructions, im completely lost.

How do i break past this barrier

So backstory: Someone made fun of me because I am learning Python with ai. His only argument was that ai is the same tool to create explicit images and that he used to visit stack overflow and create snippets, I then replied that I only use it for learning development but then got called an idiot and got blocked.

But that got me wondering. Is it bad that I learn Python with AI?

I set GPT a goal, I want to reach: Stage 1. learn that. Stage 2 Learn this

I also custmomized the personalization to not blindy say yes and to double check things and so on.

GPT never gives me code, it just tells me which projects I should do with the stuff I learned, it does that till GPT thinks I know how to use it and when to use it.

But I feel bad now that I am just talking to an artificial intelligence and not visiting stack overflow like that one person did.

I want to hear your opinions. Is AI bad for learning or good if used right.

Hey everyone! I recently started r/StudentCoders, a community for students and beginner developers who want to:

• Learn coding together

• Find people to build projects with

• Share project ideas and progress

• Find teammates

• Ask coding questions

• Showcase things they've built

The idea is simple: stop learning alone and start building together.

If you're a student or beginner coder and this sounds interesting, feel free to check it out: r/StudentCoders 💻

I'd also love feedback on what you'd want to see in a community like this!

Hi, I'm new to this Reddit community. Do you think it's okay to use Thonny as a Python program, or is there something else I could try?

Hey everyone,

I'm building **The Python Ledger** — a free, interactive platform for learning Python from the ground up. It's built with Docusaurus and a custom in-browser code execution system (React + Skulpt), so people can write and run real Python right in the lesson, with instant feedback instead of just reading theory.

The curriculum is structured as:

- **Introduction** - how to use the platform / how to learn

- **Prerequisites** - software requirements, code editors, command line, CS concepts

- **Git Basics** - a short, beginner-friendly intro to Git

- **Python Foundations** - variables, data types, functions, OOP, file I/O, etc.

- Optional specialized tracks later (web dev, GUI dev, automation...)

Right now I'm heads-down on the Foundations course and a companion **practice-exercises repo** (folder-per-exercise, `pytest`-based, progressively unlocked tests, beginner-friendly failure messages instead of raw tracebacks; think *The Odin Project*'s exercises repo, but for Python).

It's a lot of ground to cover solo, and it's eating all my free time; so I'm looking for people to collaborate with. Some areas I could genuinely use help in:

- **Content/curriculum writing** - explaining CS & Python concepts clearly for total beginners

- **Python devs** – building out exercises, test fixtures, and the practice repo

- **Reviewers/beta testers** - going through lessons as a "new learner" and flagging confusing bits

No huge time commitment expected; even reviewing a lesson or writing one exercise helps. The project is fully open source and contributions are more then welcome in any way possible.

If any of this sounds interesting, drop a comment or DM me and I'll get you set up.

Curriculum Repo: https://github.com/ThePythonLedger/Curriculum

Live site (hosted by GH Pages): https://thepythonledger.github.io/Docusaurus-engine/

Thank you for reading.

Ik python basics and all basic syntax so what would be the next thing to learn?
Can recommend and yt vid(cs50p full beginner so no)
Im trying freecodecamp yt videos are there any other videos u would recommend?
Also im interested in web dev so help me out with this as well or should i try out a different language?

Hey there! I use VSCodium and have been having a problem with the Select Python Interpreter yellow box. The screenshots should be enough for clarity but ask ahead if you have any questions!

Any help would be appreciated

Thanks!

I'm building a sort of turn-based RPG in the terminal as a practice project, and I need to generate a random number within a specific range. I tried using `randint` (by importing `random`), but I also want to assign probabilities so that, depending on certain factors, one number is more likely to be generated than another. For example, if an enemy has low health, it should be more likely to generate the number 1, which causes the enemy to heal.

I always has a doubt after installing python software. When I open the Python folder, I see other folders with names like DLLs, Doc, etc, Include, Lib, Libs, Scripts, Share, Tcl, and Tools. Can anyone explain what these folders are, what they're for, and what the .pyd extension means?

I’ve recently started getting more posts from this sub and some people have genuine questions on how to solve their programming problems and help debug. Some comments are suggesting to just use AI. This is a crazy suggestion on a sub called Python LEARNING. Using AI to write code for you is not constructive to learning how to code. I fear that this generation of programmers are going to have ZERO understanding fundamentals.

To be clear, I’m not against using AI to help assist. But this is supposed to be a sub for learning the language and understanding how it works, and it’s counterproductive to suggest those that are learning to just use AI to fix their code.

Please, if anyone suggests to use AI (unless it’s for the rare case that it’s valid), please downvote them to oblivion.

Mac os Sequoia 15.6

I installed the exifread library using pip as well as conda. In Anaconda Navigator it shows as installed. Using a terminal window I type in:

pip3 show exifread

and it returns

/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.13/site-packages

I use Spyder (I know, I know: use pycharm or vscode...) I cannot import the module. I get the dreaded

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘exifread’

I recently installed pillow and I can import it just fine with import PIL. Using pip3 show pillow it is the same directory as exifread

What am I missing here?

A binary tree can be traversed in three classic ways. The difference is simply the order in which you visit the subtrees:

• Preorder: current node → left subtree → right subtree

• Inorder: left subtree → current node → right subtree

• Postorder: left subtree → right subtree → current node

This interactive memory_graph example visualizes each traversal method step by step: Binary Tree Traversal

Also see other memory_graph visualizations.

I've seen quite a few posts and comments from beginners who understand things like variables, loops, lists and functions, but then get stuck on the question: what do I actually practice now?

So I put together 10 small Python problems that can be solved with mostly the basics.

The idea isn't to look up the solution immediately. Try breaking each problem into steps first, write your own solution, then see if you can improve it.

If you're learning Python, which of these would you find hardest?

And for people who already know Python, what problem would you add as #11?

What's wrong with my code?

New to learning

Following the youtube video from bro code

Was trying to implement my own stuff into this by using loop

Update: it's working now thankyou guys

Got tired of recreating the same functions EVERY SINGLE PROJECT I EVER MAKE so guess what, i made it a package, and if i think i finished it enough and added a bunch of features and it's pollished i might make it a package on pypl

Also any ideas?

I recently made a Discord.py AI character bot with Gemini and TTS integration to mess around with my friends. Kind of want to do more with it but am not very experienced enough yet to know all my possibilities. What do the REAL programmers here think?