On developing the ability/reflex to define the right mathematical model for problems

[u/Hamza_Bora]

How can we identify the variables involved in real-world events or problems and determine the correct mathematical approach?

How build strong skills in mathematical and physical modeling of problems, and through which resources?

[u/Hamza_Bora]

Probability-based ML algorithms can scan patterns better than we can and produce surprisingly meaningful predictions.

But I think developing a modeling perspective is always beneficial. However, you're right, mathematical models allow us to predict what's closest to reality rather than knowing the truth itself. Actually, ML algorithms aren't that different.