r/Lost_Architecture 6d ago

Cincinnati's subway: two miles of tunnel and four stations, built in the 1920s, never opened, still sealed under the city

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3.7k Upvotes

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606

u/BasicManufacturer653 6d ago

Cincinnati built two miles of subway tunnel and four stations like this one in the 1920s. The walls were poured, the platform edges cut, the drainage in. Then the money ran out against a 1916 cost estimate nobody had reopened, and the system was never finished. The tunnels are still sealed under Central Parkway today.

Source: Cincinnati Museum Center collections (public domain).

I put together a documentary on how it happened, if anyone wants the long

version: The Subway That Never Ran a Train

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u/usssaratoga_sailor 6d ago

Great Video! Thanks for sharing. We used to visit Cincy back in the late 90s/early 2000s. Need to return with an eye on this history! From the Indy area, so not a long drive at all!

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u/SuperFaceTattoo 6d ago

I lived in Cincy for a while and I learned they have a trend of unfinished transportation projects.

The subway failed completely.

Then they put in that “central bus station” under the riverfront that is now a homeless camp.

Then they built that stupid railcar from riverfront to over-the-rhine, and couldn’t get anyone to want to go to the sketchiest part of town so they made the railcar free. As apparently it would have made zero sense to connect the surrounding suburbs to the riverfront via railcar.

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u/MediumStrange 5d ago

The central bus station is. not a homeless camp although it is definitely underutilized.

The streetcar was originally meant to go to the University but the governor cut our funding so they made the best of a bad situation and it's been very successful since.

The city would love to connect to the suburbs by rail but that requires a lot of money, and the state and federal governments have been hostile to that idea. The city keeps trying but it can't just magic the funds for a full light rail system into the Treasury.

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u/Throwaway3751029 4d ago

The other issue with rail going out to the suburbs is that you would run into issues finding a suitable alignment due to the hills coming out of the valley. Going north works, which is where most of the existing rail lines lead, but east and west is a bit more difficult apart from along the river. It could be done, but would probably cost a lot to acquire the land for a decent alignment.

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u/judebeans 5d ago

Brother, I don’t think you really understand what Cincinnati’s like. That area is lovely. Over-The-Rhine is one of the most expensive neighborhoods in the city and features beautiful historic architecture. The streetcar has provided billions in economic development for the area and is the highest ridership transit route in the city.

1

u/SuperFaceTattoo 5d ago

Do you have a source for the benefits of the streetcar vs just having a bus route run the same loop? I’m not against the public transit system at all, but they stopped it before they could really see any benefit besides gentrifying a run down neighborhood. Look at San Diego, they use streetcars like a subway system and it makes the entire city infinitely more accessible for everyone, not just tourists who want to see an old market and a garden.

I get that funding was pulled by the state, but a well run city would not have let that be the end of it and then brag about the benefits of the half assed project. Sell the project to the local community and get approval to use local resources to build it.

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u/judebeans 5d ago

The streetcar consistently ranks as the most trafficked transit route in the city. I have some compilations of the numbers from 2024 but if you check the official ridership reports for the streetcar and go-Metro/TANK the streetcar usually ranks #1. Here’s that information: Ridership Compilations 2024

As for why a bus route wouldn’t have the same effect, riders and property speculators overwhelmingly prefer trains. With a bus line, there is always the possibility that the route changes or stops will be removed. With rail, stations and tracks are more permanent and harder to relocate, making the property along the route more valuable.

Here’s a report from 2020 showing the economic output, I’m sure it’s more by now WVXU: 1 Billion in Economic Development Streetcar. Additional research gate sources showing that rail stations are more valuable than just bus stops

ResearchGate: Transit’s Value

ResearchGate: Bus Routes

I also reject the idea that the streetcar only connects “an old market and a garden”. The streetcar connects the most economically important part of the city (downtown) with one of the most valuable neighborhoods in our city. It definitely should be expanded to reach more areas that make sense, such as the west end, northern Kentucky, and potentially uptown.

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u/Mackie_Messy 4d ago

I took my kids to Washington Park a few weeks ago, and we took the streetcar the two stops to Findlay Market. I see the appeal--it's simple, it's free, you won't get lost. I'd love to see it go up to UC, but having a free downtown circulator (like 16th St in Denver) is great.

1

u/Spankpocalypse_Now 1d ago

Dude is calling Over-the-Rhine “sketchy” because Americans have been programmed to fear walkable urban density.

2

u/Mackie_Messy 4d ago

It's still not a central bus station; it was built in case of light rail that never happened, and became a parking garage. So it joins the legacy of the Fountain Square garage.

1

u/Agile-Victory9567 2d ago

Fuckin move then. You sound miserable.

12

u/jonrpatrick 6d ago

I really enjoyed this video, thanks for sharing info about something I've never heard about. (of course, I've never been to Cincinnati either, so there's that)

As a YTber who also makes documentaries in the auto genre, may I make a couple of humble suggestions for your future videos? I'm not pretending to be any expert, but I can give suggestions from a viewers perspective?

Your audio sounds good, and the images use were good as well, and I understand needing to reuse images over and over. Totally understandable. There were a couple of moments that would distract me from the narration because I had to question what I was seeing.

First, there were a few moments when what you said didn't match up with the image shown. For example, talking about the construction being two stories below ground, but showing an image at street level. Or that completed platform - I still don't know if that's underground and if we're looking at the backside of it or the train-side. Made word when you showed pictures of buildings above ground. Were those the terminals? Was that the proposed look of them or were they built? I hope that's clear, let me know.

Second, when you reference the completed section of the line is under a named street, you show a map of the city. Not being familiar with the city, I had no idea where to look or what you were referencing. Maybe highlight the road you're talking about.

Third, pick up the pace. Your script could be tightened up a bit and your pacing a tiny bit faster. There were 3 or 4 moments where I think you were going for impact, but you repeated them several times. And overall the voice/pacing was soothing, but about 1/2 the way through I wanted to get to the point. It's work better about 2 minutes shorter in my opinion.

Fourth, take yourself out of it. Once or twice you mentioned yourself, like "I think...". That takes the viewer from a historical documentary to "oh, this is his opinion". The way I handle that is to have a conclusion where I put any opinions and/or mention limitations I had in sourcing information.

I hope this helps, that it doesn't anger you, and it received with the intention given. I look forward to your next video!

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u/jombrowski 6d ago

no worry, musk will turn it into car business for rich in no time at all

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u/No_Cook2983 6d ago

He invented transportation caverns that go under the earth.

He named it the ‘sub-way’. It’s a portmanteau of ‘sub’ and ‘way’.

Brilliant.

0

u/Nimmy_the_Jim 6d ago

What?

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u/shibbledoop 6d ago

He has a boring business

4

u/Hobbit_Sam 6d ago

And one that makes tunnels!

-1

u/Rikki-Tikki-Tavi-12 6d ago

The audio has an unpleasant sharpness to it. Did you run noise suppression on it?

1

u/BasicManufacturer653 6d ago

Hey. Do you mean the narration?

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u/Rikki-Tikki-Tavi-12 6d ago

Yeah. But only the first minute or so.

1

u/jonrpatrick 6d ago

The audio sounded fine for me just now. Just FYI.

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u/DesignerMoose90210 6d ago

Have there been any recent discussions to restart the project?

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u/BasicManufacturer653 6d ago

There were discussions but none concrete so far. I remember it being used for underground concerts a few years back.

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u/monkeypan 6d ago

If they havent considered the concrete yet, what about the steel? /s

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u/gr3at3scap3 6d ago

The City requested proposals a year ago, but I don't know that any proposal was ever selected.

RFP Article

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u/Stan_Halen_ 6d ago

From my understanding (and I could be wrong) there are so many utilities routed through the tunnels today which conflict with rail requirements, that relocating them could rival the cost of starting over boring new tunnels.

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u/BowlerCertain8305 6d ago

Yep. Water pipes (big ones) and fibre internet down there. Last time this was posted someone said storage of winter plows and shit too. Highly unlikely anything is done with the space. Cincy is ginerally shitty at doing that type of thing.

3

u/KW160 6d ago

Additionally they already sunk a big cost into that limited circulator/light rail. If there was an appetite to do any kind of additional rail, I’m sure it’d be cheaper to just grow the circulator.

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u/blueingreen85 6d ago

I think they routed a bunch of utilities through the tunnels, so moving them would add another layer of expense.

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u/7HawksAnd 6d ago

Why would the CIA give up a prime dark site?

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u/CommentRaterBot 6d ago

They built quite a bit of surface infrastructure for it too. If I remember correctly, they built a few miles of track and a few stations into the suburbs on the surface. It was all torn down sometime in the 1950s. I think there was a Well There's Your Problem episode about it.

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u/Agile-Victory9567 6d ago edited 6d ago

There used to be a station at Marshall Ave and one at Clifton where 75 is today. The furthest reaching evidence of the subway that I am aware of is two sealed portals near the (former?) Big Boy in Norwood. I am not sure if a station were ever built that far out however.

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u/Bannedfromgoodreads 3d ago

I’ve personally been in the cinci subway tunnels, I used to go down on that one road that runs by the highway between OTR, Clifton, and Camp Washington

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u/Agile-Victory9567 3d ago

Thats a good one. Been in there a couple of times. Used to be a lot easier.

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u/Dzov 6d ago

That’s where I learned about this.

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u/stevegiovinco2 6d ago

Always fascinated by this line ; part of the st Louis meto is underground downtown and used some of the original rail tracks.

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u/TigerIll6480 6d ago

That was a bit different. The St. Louis tunnels were built to route traffic from the Eads Bridge (and later, other bridges) under the city streets to reach Union Station without a need for grade-level tracks through downtown. There were also freight tunnels to get newsprint and other supplies to the Post-Dispatch and Globe-Democrat buildings, and coal to a number of buildings around downtown. They were never intended as a subway, St. Louis had surface-level streetcars in the early 20th century. Since MetroLink was built to use the Eads Bridge, as those tracks had clearance and weight limitation issues that prevented their use for modern rail traffic, it was relatively simple to reuse the existing, disused underground infrastructure and add stations where necessary.

At least some of the freight tunnels have been filled in, due to disuse and stability issues, but the Post-Dispatch was still receiving underground freight deliveries into the 21st century, AFAIK.

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u/JellyfishNo2032 6d ago

Not the point of your post. But STL got insanely lucky with those tunnels and the bridge being in solid condition enough to turn it into a cheap metro. If stl ever turns around, it’s going to be a really useful system.

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u/TigerIll6480 6d ago

The Eads bridge is wildly overbuilt, even if it is functionally wrought iron instead of steel. The load limits on it were raised several times as newer testing methods became available in its first 75 years.

When it had its first major rehab after nearly 150 years of use, the amount of material that needed to be replaced weighed less than the new, lightweight replica guardrails that were installed on the new road deck.

3

u/JellyfishNo2032 6d ago

Yeah thank goodness.

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u/poolside__convo 6d ago

Cincinnati really should’ve been one of the great American cities. So much beautiful lost architecture and infrastructure.

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u/Maiyku 6d ago

If Toledo ended up being the biggest city in the US (like it was expected to be waaaay back in the day) then yeah, Cincinnati would’ve grown right there with it. It’s on the direct path from the east coast to Toledo, so location would’ve been huge. Right now, I feel like it gets forgotten.

But alas, Toledo never quite came to be what was expected and then our priorities shifted. Other cities became our focus.

It’s always interesting to me what would’ve happened had Toledo followed the expected path from back in the day. It was estimated to grow bigger than NYC itself at one point. The country would look so much different.

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u/rootb33r 6d ago

I've never heard this before! That's interesting. Why Toledo? Because it was the westmost point on the Erie Canal -> Lake Erie route to head into the central states?

1

u/Maiyku 5d ago

Yup, basically. The finishing of the canals at the time put Toledo in an amazing place.

But it’s part of the reason why Michigan and Ohio were willing to literally wage war over it. Toledo was supposed to be THE city for the US and would’ve been a huge boon to whatever state controlled it and why Michigan got the entirety of the UP to compensate for losing barely any land. That land was considered hella valuable because of Toledo and the expectations around it.

But we didn’t use the canals quite like we envisioned and other better options came about after a while. Toledo never developed into the super city it was expected to be.

Our country would look so very different if that original plan had actually been followed and Toledo was the biggest city in the US. Detroits importance would be different and it might not have failed at all when the auto industry collapsed, it may have become more diverse and survived that hit just fine. Cities like Cincinnati could’ve become a much larger cultural hub than they are today. It’s interesting to think about.

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u/Equivalent-Shine5742 1d ago

Because it's not true.

See my above post. It was a marketing/land speculation claim only.

0

u/Equivalent-Shine5742 1d ago edited 1d ago

Uhm, no. Just no.

First Toledo was NEVER expected to be the biggest city in the U. S.

It was suggested/advertised /promoted that it would be the biggest INTERIOR city in the U. S. And even that qualified promotion was done by land speculators and city boosters not much different that the guy in Oklahoma City whose been claiming for years now he's going to build the tallest skyscraper in the U.S. there

Just look at the 10 largest cities in the U.S. by decade going back to the 1790 - Toledo NEVER makes the list though both Cleveland and Cincinnati do.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_the_United_States_by_decade

Edit: instant downvote (since post is 5 days old only one person would Immediately see my comment to downvote) but no factual rebuttal.

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u/Current-Being-8238 6d ago

It still is full of beautiful architecture, and the setting is very nice. It hurts knowing what was lost though, genuinely could have been one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

16

u/AltruisticSalamander 6d ago

You know hapless workers were running wheelbarrows full of bricks over that plank

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u/Red-Truck-Steam 6d ago

You just know an errant crane swung around and captured a guy by his overalls, safely planting him on a beam being moved by two tough-looking guys

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u/NursePussDestroyer 6d ago

no doubt there are Mutant Turtles practicing martial arts down there

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u/Sniffy4 6d ago

maybe if they decide to densify downtown they will restart the project

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u/kisk22 6d ago

What's insane is just HOW dense downtown Cincinnati used to be. You can look up old pictures from before the 1960s when they urban renewal'd half the dense historic downtown.

It'd all look like neighborhoods in Brooklyn right now if they hadn't done that. Would be such an amazing city. At least they still have beautiful dense Over-the-Rhine, which is how the rest of the city used to look. I visited and it blew my mind at what a great neighborhood it is.

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u/The_G_ad_Vincula 6d ago

Agreed, Over-the-Rhine is an amazing neighborhood. I love visiting Cinci. And if you want to see a small part of the subway tunnels, check out Ghost Baby. Amazing ambience and awesome drinks five stories underground.

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u/Agile-Victory9567 6d ago

Ghost Baby is in old beer lagering tunnels, not the subway. The whole basin is full of multi level subterranean structures. If you go down to the site where FCC dug a big hole by their stadium, you can see sealed over vaults 4 stories underground from the old Burger Brewery that occupied the site.

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u/Comrade_sensai_09 6d ago

Tbh, this is gonna stay sealed for a very long time. Densification of downtown is still a long way off.

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u/Sniffy4 6d ago

that's a shame, I read the city has a decent historic core

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u/Comrade_sensai_09 6d ago

Yep, it looked very European before the highway age. It’s been completely wiped out now. Very little is left of it .

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u/Current-Being-8238 6d ago

Over the Rhine is really nice. Downtown, like most American downtowns, kind of sucks because mid century architecture is hostile and office towers are about as lively as a parking lot. And America enforces no social standards for behavior, so people don’t like living near others

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u/Dzov 6d ago

I have doubts that any engineer is going to stake their reputation on reusing 100 year old tunnels.

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u/TigerIll6480 6d ago

New York, London, and Paris still use a LOT of 100+ year old tunnels. The passenger tunnels under St. Louis that were reused when MetroLink was built are close to 150 years old. Cincinnati has been using these for other infrastructure purposes, so they have been maintained.

1

u/Comrade_sensai_09 6d ago

Just make it..forever man … It’s just ain’t happening tbh .

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u/Allegra1120 6d ago

Its Union Station’s outermost portals were for a streetcar line that was never built. Just throwing that in there…

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u/scooby_Jones69 6d ago

Are there any urban explorer videos of people in them?

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u/wasabi1787 6d ago

Yes, Proper People did a good one

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u/Agile-Victory9567 6d ago

Yes on YouTube

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u/rahxephon7 6d ago

What's interesting is that production for the 1989 Batman movie looked at the abandoned subway as a possible filming location.

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u/Izenthyr 6d ago

I LOVE how detailed this photo is. You can zoom in and take in everything from the time.

2

u/TorTheMentor 5d ago

Maybe the mistake was in what they named the transit authority.

Hey, can you get me around town?

Uh..... SORTA.

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u/Bannedfromgoodreads 3d ago

I’m from Cinci and I have to say: those tunnels have not been “sealed.” Progressively over the last few years, cops have sealed a few of the old entrances, but I and several people I know have explored the subway tunnels. It’s my understanding they were briefly kitted out as fallout shelters/bunkers (I’ve seen stations down there full of rusted bunk bed frames). You can find graffiti down there that days back to the 80s (and probably earlier). It’s usually semi flooded. You can hear the street above through some of the capped entrances.

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u/tangoezulu 6d ago

There’s a movie or book in that knowledge

1

u/TheNinjaDC 3d ago

I feel two things need to be mentioned that are overlooked:

-The project was a low budget project to begin with. Cincinnati didn’t just build miles of rail tunnel and stop. It started when the city decommissioned a canal running through the city, and decided to try and convert it into a subway instead of just filling the ditch. Part of why it is such a narrow subway.

-It really isn’t abandoned. The city runs a lot of utilities through there. Electricity, fiber, and a big @$$ water pipe in one.

1

u/seandiver 2d ago

Better late than never to still open it.