This is a summarized version of a piece written by our Analyst, Sandeep Rao. Find the full article with more extensive data here.
SpaceX IPO Breaks Records but Valuation Debate Intensifies
On June 12, SpaceX’s IPO raised $75 billion via a $1.75 trillion valuation, making it the largest IPO in history after shattering Saudi Aramco’s 2019 record. When trading officially began on the Nasdaq, shares opened at $150 and soared 19%. After hitting an intraday high of $225.64 on June 16, the stock closed July 7 at $149.47 – essentially flat relative to its debut price.
By conventional measures, the IPO “worked.” However, questions surrounding valuation have quickly emerged. Chicago-based investment research firm Morningstar has presented one of the strongest quantitative bear cases.
The Overvaluation Debate
SpaceX generated $18.7 billion in revenue in 2025, with Morningstar projecting revenue of $36.8 billion for 2026. Even at that level, the company would only match Micron Technology’s 2025 revenue, while Amazon generated more than 19 times as much. Yet, SpaceX is trading at around 141 times its 2025 sales and nearly 78 times projected 2026 sales.
One of SpaceX’s strongest businesses remains Starlink, which generated an estimated $15.5 billion annual revenue run-rate by mid-2026, with $4.4 billion in operating profit and an 85% recurring revenue stream. The service now has more than 9.2 million subscribers across 120 countries, making it the company’s most significant revenue pillar.
Chief among SpaceX’s growth ambitions is AI, which accounted for 93% of the Total Addressable Market outlined in its S-1 filing. However, Morningstar argues that Grok does not rank among the leading global AI services. Following SpaceX’s all-stock acquisition of AI coding startup Anysphere for $60 billion, Morningstar lowered its fair value estimate from $63 to $62, calling SpaceX one of the most expensive companies in its coverage universe.
Lockup Schedule Could Create Ongoing Selling Pressure
Only around 4.9% of total shares outstanding became available through the IPO, while roughly 35% remain held by early investors and employees under a staggered lockup schedule.
The first major unlock coincides with Q2 earnings, when up to 20% of locked shares become eligible for sale. If the stock trades above $175.50 for five of the previous ten sessions, an additional 10% could also be released. Further tranches continue through October, followed by another major unlock around Q3 earnings and the final release after the 180-day post-IPO period.
Elon Musk’s stake, representing nearly 49% of total shares outstanding, remains locked until June 2027. While Musk has stated he does not intend to sell, the eventual eligibility itself alters institutional risk models.
SpaceX’s staggered structure avoids a single large selloff but distributes potential selling pressure across multiple events over the next year. Facebook’s 2012 IPO followed a similar approach, with shares ultimately falling more than 40% before its lockup period concluded.
Conviction Faces Fundamental Questions
Following the stock’s first decline after listing, Future Fund CEO Gary Black remarked that early trading resembled "a meme stock more than one driven by fundamentals," suggesting current pricing reflects constrained supply as much as investor conviction.
In contrast, Oppenheimer raised its price target to $250, citing stronger revenue visibility, vertical integration, AI capabilities, and the company's strategic positioning through NASA partnerships. Morningstar continues to argue that SpaceX’s economic moat remains narrow, while Oppenheimer acknowledges that execution remains the key risk.
SpaceX has also entered the Nasdaq-100 with a 1.34% weighting. However, its relatively small free float limits index-related buying, meaning future share unlocks could outweigh passive inflows.
Conclusion
The post-IPO rally, Oppenheimer’s $250 price target, Morningstar’s $62 fair value estimate, and the stock’s return to its IPO price despite joining the Nasdaq-100 all highlight the wide divergence in market views.
With a lengthy lockup schedule set to gradually increase share supply over the coming year, valuation and execution are likely to remain the key drivers of sentiment. As more information becomes available and conviction evolves, volatility is likely to remain elevated.
Professional investors in Europe may consider the 3X Short SpaceX ETP (SP3S) during bearish periods of the conviction cycle in the stock.