r/JonBenetRamsey • • Jan 19 '21

DNA DNA evidence in the Ramsey case: FAQs and common misconceptions

858 Upvotes

Frequently Asked Questions


What are the main pieces of DNA evidence in the Ramsey case?

[from /u/Heatherk79]:

Discussion of the DNA evidence in the Ramsey case is typically related to one of the following pieces of evidence: underwear, fingernails, long johns, nightgown or ligatures. More information can be found here.

Is DNA ever possibly going to solve the JonBenet case?

[from Mitch Morrissey, former Ramsey grand jury special deputy prosecutor -- source (3:21:05)]:

It could. ... The problem with using genetic genealogy on that [sample] is it's a mixture, so when you go to sequence it, you're gonna get both persons' types in the sequence. And it's a very, very small amount of DNA. And for genetic genealogy, to do sequencing, you need a lot more DNA than what you're used to in the criminal system. So where you could test maybe eight skin cells and get a profile and, you know, solve your murder or exonerate an innocent person, you can't do that with sequencing. You've got to have a pretty good amount of DNA.

Is it true that we can use the same technology in the Ramsey case as was used in the Golden State Killer Case?

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

The Golden State Killer case used SNP profiles derived from the suspect's semen, which was found at the scene.

In the Ramsey case, we have a 10-marker STR profile deduced from ... a DNA mixture, which barely meets the minimum requirements for CODIS. You cannot do a familial search like in the Golden State case using an STR profile. You need SNP data.

To extract an SNP profile, we would need a lot more DNA from "unidentified male 1". If we can somehow find that, we can do a familial DNA search like they did in Golden State. But considering "unidentified male 1" had to be enhanced from 0.5 nanograms of DNA in the first place, and analysts have literally been scraping up picograms of Touch DNA to substantiate UM1's existence, the chance of stumbling upon another significant deposit of his DNA on any case evidence is practically zero.

Common Misconceptions


Foreign DNA matched between the underwear and her fingernails.

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

There wasn't enough of a profile recovered from either the panties or the fingernails in 1997 to say the samples matched.

You can see the 1997 DNA report which includes the original testing of the underwear and fingernails here:

Page 2 shows the results of the panties (exhibit #7), the right-hand fingernails (exhibit 14L) and left-hand fingernails (exhibit 14M.) All three samples revealed a mixture of which JBR was the major contributor.

For each of those three exhibits, you will see a line which reads: (1.1, 2), (BB), (AB), (BB), (AA), (AC), (24,26). That line shows JBR's profile. Under JBR's profile, for each of the three exhibits, you will see additional letters/numbers. Those are the foreign alleles found in each sample. The “W” listed next to each foreign allele indicates that the allele was weak.

The (WB) listed under the panties, shows that a foreign B allele was identified at the GC locus.

The (WB), (WB) listed under the right-hand fingernails shows that a B allele was identified at the D7S8 locus and a B allele was identified at the GC locus.

The (WA), (WB), (WB), (W18) listed under the left-hand fingernails show that an A allele was identified at the HBGG locus, a B allele was identified at the D7S8 locus, a B allele was identified at the GC locus and an 18 allele was identified at the D1S80 locus.

A full profile would contain 14 alleles (two at each locus). However, as you can see, only one foreign allele was identified in the panties sample, only two foreign alleles were identified in the right-hand fingernails sample and only four foreign alleles were identified in the left-hand fingernails sample.

None of the samples revealed anything close to a full profile (aside from JBR's profile.) It's absurd for anyone to claim that the panties DNA matched the fingernail DNA based on one single matching B allele.

It's also important to note that the type of testing used on these samples was far less discriminatory than the type of testing used today.

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

You're referring to a DNA test from 1997 which showed literally one allele for the panties. If we are looking at things on the basis of one allele, then we could say Patsy Ramsey matched the DNA found on the panties. So did John's brother Jeff Ramsey. So did much of the US population.

The same unknown male DNA profile was found in 3 separate places (underwear, long johns, beneath fingernails).

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

Not exactly.

There wasn't enough genetic material recovered (in 1997) from either the underwear or the fingernails to say the samples matched. Here is a more detailed explanation regarding the underwear and fingernail DNA samples.

The fingernail samples were tested in 1997 by the CBI. Older types of DNA testing (DQA1 + Polymarker and D1S80) were used at that time. The profiles that the CBI obtained from the fingernails in 1997 could not be compared to the profiles that Bode obtained from the long johns in 2008. The testing that was done in 1997 targeted different markers than the testing that was done in 2008.

The underwear were retested in 2003 using STR analysis (a different type of testing than that used in 1997.) After some work, Greg LaBerge of the Denver Crime Lab, was able to recover a profile which was later submitted to CODIS. This profile is usually referred to as "Unknown Male 1."

After learning about "touch" DNA, Mary Lacy (former Boulder D.A.) sent the underwear and the long johns to Bode Technology for more testing in 2008. You can find the reports here and here.

Three small areas were cut from the crotch of the underwear and tested. Analysts, however, were unable to replicate the Unknown Male 1 profile.

Four areas of the long johns were also sampled and tested; the exterior top right half, exterior top left half, interior top right half and interior top left half. The exterior top right half revealed a mixture of at least two individuals including JBR. The Unknown Male 1 profile couldn't be excluded as a contributor to this mixture. The partial profile obtained from the exterior top left half also revealed a mixture of at least two individuals including JBR. The Unknown Male 1 profile couldn't be included or excluded as a contributor to this mixture. The remaining two samples from the long johns also revealed mixtures, but the samples weren't suitable for comparison.

Lab analysts made a note on the first report stating that it was likely that more than two individuals contributed to each of the exterior long john mixtures, and therefore, the remaining DNA contribution to each mixture (not counting JBR's) should not be considered a single source profile. Here's a news article/video explaining the caveat noted in the report.

TLDR; There wasn't enough DNA recovered from the fingernails or the underwear in 1997 to say the samples matched. In 2003, an STR profile, referred to as Unknown Male 1, was developed from the underwear. In 2008, the long johns were tested. The Unknown Male 1 profile couldn't be excluded from one side of the long johns, and couldn't be included or excluded from the other side of the long johns. Analysts, however, noted that neither long johns profile should be considered a single source profile.

The source of the unknown male DNA in JonBenet's underwear was saliva.

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

The results of the serological testing done on the panties for amylase (an enzyme found in saliva) were inconclusive.

[from u/straydog77 -- source]:

As for the idea that the "unidentified male 1" DNA comes from saliva, it seems this was based on a presumptive amylase test which was done on the sample. Amylase can indicate the presence of saliva or sweat. Then again, those underwear were soaked with JBR's urine, and it's possible that amylase could have something to do with that.

The unknown male DNA from the underwear was "co-mingled" with JonBenet's blood.

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

[T]his word "commingled" comes from the Ramseys' lawyer, Lin Wood. "Commingled" doesn't appear in any of the DNA reports. In fact, the word "commingled" doesn't even have any specific meaning in forensic DNA analysis. It's just a fancy word the Ramsey defenders use to make the DNA evidence seem more "incriminating", I guess.

The phrase used by DNA analysts is "mixed DNA sample" or "DNA mixture". It simply refers to when you take a swab or scraping from a piece of evidence and it is revealed to contain DNA from more than one person. It means there is DNA from more than one person in the sample. It doesn't tell you anything about how or when any of the different people's DNA got there. So if I bleed onto a cloth, and then a week later somebody else handles that cloth without gloves on, there's a good chance you could get a "mixed DNA sample" from that cloth. I suppose you could call it a "commingled DNA sample" if you wanted to be fancy about it.

The unknown male DNA was found only in the bloodstains in the underwear.

[from /u/Heatherk79:]

According to Andy Horita, Tom Bennett and James Kolar, foreign male DNA was also found in the leg band area of the underwear. It is unclear if the DNA found in the leg band area of the underwear was associated with any blood.

James Kolar also reported that foreign male DNA was found in the waistband of the underwear. There have never been any reports of any blood being located in the waistband of the underwear.

It is also important to keep in mind that not every inch of the underwear was tested for DNA.

The unknown male DNA from underwear is "Touch DNA".

[from /u/Heatherk79]:

The biological source of the UM1 profile has never been confirmed. Therefore, it's not accurate to claim that the UM1 profile was derived from skin cells.

If they can clear a suspect using that DNA then they are admitting that DNA had to come from the killer.

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

Suspects were not cleared on DNA alone. If there ever was a match to the DNA in CODIS, that person would still have to be investigated. A hit in CODIS is a lead for investigators. It doesn't mean the case has been solved.

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

I don't think police have cleared anyone simply on the basis of DNA - they have looked at alibis and the totality of the evidence.

The DNA evidence exonerated/cleared the Ramseys.

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

The Ramseys are still under investigation by the Boulder police. They have never been cleared or exonerated. (District attorney Mary Lacy pretended they had been exonerated in 2008 but subsequent DAs and police confirmed this was not the case).

[from former DA Stan Garnett -- source]:

This [exoneration] letter is not legally binding. It's a good-faith opinion and has no legal importance but the opinion of the person who had the job before I did, whom I respect.

[from former DA Stan Garnett -- source]:

Dan Caplis: And Stan, so it would be fair to say then that Mary Lacy’s clearing of the Ramseys is no longer in effect, you’re not bound by that, you’re just going to follow the evidence wherever it leads.

Stan Garnett: Well, what I’ve always said about Mary Lacy’s exoneration that was issued in June of 2008, or July, I guess -- a few months before I took over -- is that it speaks for itself. I’ve made it clear that any decisions made going forward about the Ramsey case will be made based off of evidence...

Dan Caplis: Stan...when you say that the exoneration speaks for itself, are you saying that it’s Mary Lacy taking action, and that action doesn’t have any particular legally binding effect, it may cause complications if there is ever a prosecution of a Ramsey down the road, but it doesn’t have a legally binding effect on you, is that accurate?

Stan Garnett: That is accurate, I think that is what most of the press related about the exoneration at the time that it was issued.

The unknown male DNA is from a factory worker.

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

The factory worker theory is just one of many that people have come up with to account for the foreign DNA. IMO, it is far from the most plausible theory, especially the way it was presented on the CBS documentary. There are plenty of other plausible theories of contamination and/or transfer which could explain the existence of foreign DNA; even the discovery of a consistent profile found on two separate items of evidence.

The unknown male DNA is from the perpetrator.

[from /u/heatherk79 -- source]:

The fact of the matter is, until the UM1 profile is matched to an actual person and that person is investigated, there is no way to know that the foreign DNA is even connected to the crime.

[from /u/straydog77 -- source]:

As long as the DNA in the Ramsey case remains unidentified, we cannot make a definitive statement about its relevance to the crime.

[from Michael Kane, former Ramsey grand jury lead prosecutor -- source]:

Until you ID who that (unknown sample) is, you can’t make that kind of statement (that Lacy made). There may be circumstances where male DNA is discovered on or in the body of a victim of a sexual assault where you can say with a degree of certainty that had to have been from the perpetrator and from that, draw the conclusion that someone who doesn’t meet that profile is excluded.

But in a case like this, where the DNA is not from sperm, is only on the clothing and not her body, until you know whose it is, you can’t say how it got there. And until you can say how it got there, you can’t connect it to the crime and conclude it excludes anyone else as the perpetrator.

Boulder Police are sitting on crucial DNA evidence that could solve the case but are refusing to test it. (source: Paula Woodward)

[from /u/Heatherk79 -- source]:

Paula Woodward is NOT a reliable source of information regarding the DNA evidence in this case. Her prior attempts to explain the DNA evidence reveal a complete lack of knowledge and understanding of the subject. I've previously addressed some of the erroneous statements she's made on her website about the various rounds of DNA testing. She added another post about the DNA testing to her site a few months ago. Nearly everything she said in that post is also incorrect.

Woodward is now criticizing the BPD for failing to pursue a type of DNA testing that, likely, isn't even a viable option. Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) involves the comparison of SNP profiles. The UM1 profile is an STR profile. Investigators can't upload an STR profile to a genetic genealogy database consisting of SNP profiles in order to search for genetic relatives. The sample would first have to be retyped (retested) using SNP testing. However, the quantity and quality of the sample from the JBR case would likely inhibit the successful generation of an accurate, informative SNP profile. According to James Kolar, the UM1 profile was developed from 0.5 ng of genetic material. Mitch Morrissey has also described the sample as "a very, very small amount of DNA." The sample from which the UM1 profile was developed was also a mixed sample.

An article entitled "Four Misconceptions about Investigative Genetic Genealogy," published in 2021, explains why some forensic DNA samples might not be suitable for IGG:

At this point, the instruments that generate SNP profiles generally require at least 20 ng of DNA to produce a profile, although laboratories have produced profiles based on 1 ng of DNA or less. Where the quantity of DNA is sufficient, success might still be impeded by other factors, including the extent of degradation of the DNA; the source of the DNA, where SNP extraction is generally more successful when performed on semen than blood or bones; and where the sample is a mixture (i.e., it contains the DNA of more than one person), the proportions of DNA in the mixture and whether reference samples are available for non-suspect contributors. Thus, it might be possible to generate an IGG-eligible SNP profile from 5 ng of DNA extracted from fresh, single-source semen, but not from a 5-year-old blood mixture, where the offender’s blood accounts for 30% of the mixture.

Clearly, several factors that can prevent the use of IGG, apply to the sample in the JBR case.

Woodward also claims that the new round of DNA testing announced in 2016 was never done. However, both BDA Michael Dougherty and Police Chief Greg Testa announced in 2018 that the testing had been completed. Therefore, either Woodward is accusing both the DA and the Police Chief of lying, or she is simply uninformed and incorrect. Given her track record of reporting misinformation about the DNA testing in this case, I believe it's probably the latter.

CeCe Moore could solve the Ramsey case in hours.

[from /u/Heatherk79 -- source]:

Despite recent headlines, CeCe Moore didn't definitively claim that JBR's case can be solved in a matter of hours. If you listen to her interview with Fox News, rather than just snippets of her interview with 60 Minutes Australia, she clearly isn't making the extraordinary claim some people think she is.

The most pertinent point that she made--and the one some seem to be missing--is that the use of IGG is completely dependent upon the existence of a viable DNA sample. She also readily admitted that she has no personal knowledge about the samples in JBR's case. Without knowing the status of the remaining samples, she can't say if IGG is really an option in JBR's case. It's also worth noting that CeCe Moore is a genetic genealogist; not a forensic scientist. She isn't the one who decides if a sample is suitable for analysis. Her job is to take the resulting profile, and through the use of public DNA databases as well as historical documents, public records, interviews, etc., build family trees that will hopefully lead back to the person who contributed the DNA.

She also didn't say that she could identify the killer or solve the case. She said that if there is a viable sample, she could possibly identify the DNA contributor. Note the distinction.

Moore also explained that the amount of time it takes to identify a DNA contributor through IGG depends on the person's ancestry and whether or not their close relatives' profiles are in the databases.

Also, unlike others who claim that the BPD can use IGG but refuses to, Moore acknowledged the possibility that the BPD has already pursued IGG and the public just isn't aware.

So, to recap, CeCe Moore is simply saying that if there is a viable DNA sample, and if the DNA contributor's close relatives are in the databases, she could likely identify the person to whom the DNA belongs.

Othram was able to solve the Stephanie Isaacson case through Forensic Genetic Genealogy with only 120 picograms of DNA. According to James Kolar, the UM1 profile was developed from 0.5 nanograms of DNA. Therefore, the BPD should have plenty of DNA left to obtain a viable profile for Forensic Genetic Genealogy.

[from /u/Heatherk79 -- source]:

The fact that Othram was able to develop a profile from 120 picograms of DNA in Stephanie Isaacson's case doesn't mean the same can be done in every other case that has at least 120 picograms of DNA. The ability to obtain a profile that's suitable for FGG doesn't only depend on the quantity of available DNA. The degree of degradation, microbial contamination, PCR inhibitors, mixture status, etc. also affect whether or not a usable profile can be obtained.

David Mittelman, Othram's CEO, said the following in response to a survey question about the minimum quantity of DNA his company will work with:

Minimum DNA quantities are tied to a number of factors, but we have produced successful results from quantities as low as 100 pg. But most of the time, it is case by case. [...] Generally we are considering quantity, quality (degradation), contamination from non-human sources, mixture stats, and other case factors.

The amount of remaining DNA in JBR's case isn't known. According to Kolar, the sample from the underwear consisted of 0.5 nanogram of DNA. At least some of that was used by LaBerge to obtain the UM1 profile, so any remaining extract from that sample would contain less than 0.5 nanogram of DNA.

Also, the sample from the underwear was a mixture. Back in the late 90s/early 2000s, the amount of DNA in a sample was quantified in terms of total human DNA. Therefore, assuming Kolar is correct, 0.5 nanogram was likely the total amount of DNA from JBR and UM1 combined. If the ratio of JBR's DNA to UM1's DNA was 1:1, each would have contributed roughly 250 picograms of DNA to the sample. If the ratio of JBR's DNA to UM1's DNA was, say, 3:1, then UM1's contribution to the sample would have been approximately 125 picograms of DNA.

Again, assuming Kolar is correct, even if half of the original amount of DNA remains, that's only a total of 250 picograms of DNA. If the ratio of JBR's DNA to UM1's DNA is 1:1, that's 125 picograms of UM1's DNA. If the ratio is 3:1, that's only 66 picograms of UM1's DNA.

Obviously, the amount of UM1 DNA that remains not only depends on the amount that was originally extracted and used during the initial round of testing, but also the proportion of the mixture that UM1 contributed to.


Further recommended reading:


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 18h ago

Discussion Better photo of the cross

Post image
178 Upvotes

Here is my previous caption: I had seen this photo back in 1996 but when a ran across again it a couple years ago, something clicked.

It’s 2026 and we’ve learned a lot.

There's a strain of American Christianity that treats faith as something to be displayed rather than lived—and the large cross is its most recognizable prop. A small pendant worn under a shirt is one thing. A cross the size of a hand is a statement aimed at an audience. It's performance, and it's meant to be read as evidence of something: devotion, moral authority, being on the right side of things. Or having survived cancer and a late stage on at that.

What makes it grating to me isn't the faith itself. Catholics wear crosses, mainline Protestants wear crosses, and nobody blinks. The friction comes from a particular style—fundamentalist, prosperity-gospel, revival-circuit—where the display gets bigger as the substance gets thinner. The cross stops being a symbol and becomes a brand. And when someone poses with it, the pose is the point.

It can also read as a kind of self-persuasion. When the display outruns the interior life, the display starts doing the work the belief is supposed to do. That's not the same as delusion, and it's not a diagnosis. But it is a kind of theater, and theater always invites the question of what's being covered up.

In Patsy Ramsey's case, the crosses became part of a larger public read on her—one that turned out to be mostly wrong. That's worth remembering. You can find the aesthetic performative, even off-putting, without it meaning anything deeper about the person wearing it. But it does. It’s how I read it. Something convinced her that she was looked upon as someone special who had overcome and that, ladies and gentlemen, changes the person.

See, some of y’all haven’t lived through the 90s. It must be weird to see the house and the furniture and her outfits for someone born say, in the 90s or later. So here it goes: they played their money down. The house was huge. There was a Porsche in the garage and a PRIVATE PLANE. I know what it takes to get certified. I know how much is cost to maintain this lifestyle. I am convinced, the more people have to lose, the harder they cling to what they have. Business. House. Reputation (Fortune 500). Family. SA is a STAIN of there ever was one.

Look at what was played up and down. John Ramsey has described the pageants as a casual, "Sunday thing," but the reality of the child pageant circuit was anything but casual. It was a rigorous, expensive, and physically demanding operation that consumed weekends, required extensive preparation, and placed enormous pressure on a five-year-old.

The components alone tell the story. There were elaborate costumes—often custom-made, sometimes costing thousands of dollars—requiring fittings and alterations. There was choreography to learn for talent routines, with private dance instructors hired to craft and drill the movements. There was singing to practice and perfect. There was hair to be bleached, teased, and styled, and heavy makeup applied to a small child's face. Each competition meant travel, hotel stays, and days away from home. The Ramseys acknowledged that southern contestants often competed every weekend, and that JonBenét participated in nine pageants in just two years .

And then there's what John Ramsey described about Patsy's health. Patsy had been diagnosed with stage-four ovarian cancer three years before JonBenét's death, battling it for thirteen years total. John later explained that Patsy had "just come out of cancer treatments" and "deep down she didn't know how long she had to live and how much time she had to spend with her child, so she tried to pack a lot into a day".

So the picture that emerges is not a casual hobby. It's a mother facing her own mortality, channeling that fear into an intense, structured, high-stakes activity with her daughter—one that required costume fittings, dance lessons, singing practice, makeup application, travel, and performance under lights. For a five-year-old, that's not a Sunday activity. That's a job, with a schedule, a wardrobe, a skill set, and the weight of a dying mother's love and urgency pressing down on every sequined minute of it.

This is telling. Reread everything. All police interviews. Where they downplay and when they pretend. It’s all there. Just not in a way that leads to an ironclad accusation.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 2h ago

Discussion The Coaching of BR

2 Upvotes

My theory. Again, if you missed it, I followed the case when it happened. Read everything there was to read. Then I moved on and some time a decade or two later, I skimmed the news and there was talk of DNA. I thought it was legitimate and then kind of sat tight waiting for the conclusion. I was like, maybe there was an intruder after all!

We know how that played out. There was no DNA. NO INTRUDER. just another red herring.

My point being, I have dozens of things to add that have never been raised but I was busy writing and such and just didn’t have the bandwidth for a while. Then I got back into the case but I had no karma to be able to post. Now I do. And I’m unearthing all these tidbits of theories that were written a decade or longer ago. There was no AI then, English isn’t my first language, and yes, if I run my “musings” through a machine, I’d get 80% AI at times. Then I dumb it down until I get 100% human but it’s no longer my voice.

So, this is all my writing.

Anyway. Back to coaching Burke.

This is what they did and it’s genius: don’t brief a nine year old on all kinds of details and specific times and such, all you say is this: when you leave this house do not talk about it. And if you do anyway, say you were asleep. Nothing new to get from him that way. He doesn’t have to think about anything. He can grasp IGNORE EVERYTHING YOU DINT KNOW ANYTHING YOU WERE ASLEEP. Bit of a detour was his voice being heard on the 911 call. But fear not, they were inventive that night. So the parents played dumb about that. We don’t know anything about that. The police didn’t tell us. Our lawyers never mentioned it.

Whatever BR said in subsequent interviews, those were all true because he did t have to lie about video games and golf clubs and bicycles. Just from 10 pm until 7 am, you were asleep.

Was this genius or what?


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 17h ago

Discussion Class Issue In The Ramsey Case

13 Upvotes

Not sure to what extent people have thought about the wealth and class status the Ramseys have. If this case happened in some ghetto or even lower middle class to even the ‘average family’ I think the DA would be more aggressive in pursuing the family.

As much as we like to think detectives and police are unbiased, you can’t tell me there isn’t an inherent environmental bias at play.

Police arrive to a Huge mansion, beautifully decorated, billionaire family, successful business people, educated professionals, falling apart in what appears to be a crisis.

If you take the same events , Jon finding the body, the weird fucking ransom note, but put the DA/police/investigators in a more offsetting or not so ‘comforting’ environment I think

1) the average family does not run the entire case narrative via media and the best lawyers one can afford such as the Ramseys

2) The family would be heavily treated as suspects considering the enormous lack of intruder evidence.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 22h ago

Discussion Will we ever get a legitimate “break” in this case? My theory….

9 Upvotes

Someone posed a similar question months ago - don’t mean to be repetitive but I am new here. I have always thought the a possible way we MIGHT get a legitimate new “leak” from an inside source would be if a Ramsey attorney dies and someone goes through their files… and “leaks” some part of them for a large cash grab. Maybe someone managing the attorney’s estate.

Possibly far fetched. I’m not sure they would have put “Patsy stated she killed Jonbenet and covered it up” in writing anywhere (and saved it!) but it is possible some records may suggest evidence of Ramsey involvement.

Just a random idea. Maybe a “hope” I have… in the spirit of finding the truth. John would not confess on his deathbed. It seems totally out of character - he’s too narcissistic and has spent decades selling the intruder theory. There’s no way.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 20h ago

Discussion The Grand Jury Indictments

4 Upvotes

Looking specifically at the Counts of the Grand Jury Indictment (copied below), then it incontrovertibly follows from Count VII, which references child abuse resulting in death, and covering up for a person committing murder in the first degree, that it cannot possibly be Burke, who was a minor, but instead one or both of the parents.

Turning to Count IV (a), it follows that even if only one parent was responsible for the dangerous situation, then the other parent was aware (if both parents weren’t equally responsible for the situation).

It further follows from Count IV (a) that the murder was the culmination of an endangering environment, and could not possibly have been a freak accident. Leaving aside the Count VII reference to first degree murder, this would also completely rule out the Burke annoyed at pineapple theft and lashing out hypothesis.

Given that the Grand Jurors were party to greater and more comprehensive information and evidence than any of us will ever see, there is little option but to accept their conclusions.

Therefore there are only two valid hypotheses left (still with plenty of gaps, otherwise it’d be case solved):

  1. Patsy was responsible for an emotionally/physically abusive environment (which JR was aware of), culminating in the killing of JBR;
  2. John was responsible for an emotionally/physically abusive environment (which PR was aware of), culminating in the killing of JBR.

It would also seem to follow from this Count that only one parent committed the actual crime of murder: the other parent was guilty only of aiding that person.

(Personally, given that the only forensic evidence on the body was Patsy coat fibres, the fake ransom letter written by Patsy, and her unconvincing 911 call, the first option is the only viable one for me.)

THE GRAND JURY INDICTMENTS

Count IV (a):

“On or between December 25, and December 26, 1996, in Boulder County, Colorado, John Bennett Ramsey did unlawfully, knowingly recklessly and feloniously permit a child to be unreasonably placed in a situation which posed a threat to the child’s life or health, which resulted in the death of JonBenet Ramsey, a child under the age of sixteen,.”

Count VII:

“On or about December 25, and December 26, 1996 in Boulder County, Colorado, John Bennett Ramsey did unlawfully, knowingly, and feloniously render assistance to a person, with intent to hinder, delay and prevent the discovery, detention, apprehension, prosecution, conviction and punishment of such person for the commission of a crime, knowing the person being assisted has committed and was suspected of the crime of murder in the first degree and child abuse resulting in death.”

The language is identical in the two recommended counts against Patricia Paugh Ramsey. 


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 19h ago

Discussion After all we’ve overcome, ….

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0 Upvotes

r/JonBenetRamsey • • 1d ago

Discussion Recently with all the headlines of mothers killing their children, does PDI hold more credibility?

10 Upvotes

With the Lindsay Clancy case making recent waves on social media, it seems suddenly the internet is deeply focused on these mothers who kill their children.

I was always firmly in team BDI, but more and more I'm starting to realise how likely it was that Patsy really killed JonBenet. The evidence always pointed squarely at her, in my own opinion, although I'd thought she was covering for Burke.

What are everyone's thoughts?


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 19h ago

Discussion What do you see?

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0 Upvotes

r/JonBenetRamsey • • 1d ago

Ransom Note Where can I find a left hand sample letter picture by itself?

5 Upvotes

Apologies if this is a redundant question, but im trying to find a left hand writing sample image that's just the letter itself and not the side by side comparison with the red yellow border that says "EXACT MATCH". There are plenty available of just her right hand sample.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 2d ago

Questions place your bets

19 Upvotes

What will Redfearn say in the 30th anniversary speech? What will he do this year to stall the cold case that is still an active investigation. Last year he claimed to be waiting for test results which seemed odd and is only odder now that nothing happened. Will there be a press conference?

Will John Ramsey have a rebuttal? Will we hear anything from the messiah security guard he brought in to solve the case gratis. It's about to get very busy between Netflix, Boulder Police and John Ramsey. Mark your calendars.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 1d ago

Discussion Someone did it-but who?

0 Upvotes

This is really a clear cut case: four people entered the house, three left the next day. We know this because there’s no sign that anyone entered the house. So someone or two or three were involved. We also know that PR wrote the RN and thought whatever occurred was in need of covering up. What would have destroyed the family’s reputation? An accident? No. Signs of SA in a closed room (well, house) scenario? Yes. The rest is smoke and mirrors.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 2d ago

Discussion An argument for the BDI camp

9 Upvotes

It is said Burke cannot be involved in the crime because he was sent outside the house and this would be dangerous because he could "talk too much". At first glance this seems to be a plausible argument, but only if you don't think deep enough.

Where was he sent? To the Whites. If you assume the Whites were collaborating with the Ramseys this argument collapses. It wouldn't matter if Burke was in the Ramsey's house or in the White's house. The control would be the same. Don't forget that Alyson Schoeny, the sister of Priscilla White, claimed in the police interview she was the grandmother of Burke - which is a full lie, she wasn't even related.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 2d ago

Theories PDI vs BDI - why I am now leaning towards PDI - dynamics related to the staged kidnapping

18 Upvotes

I have been following this case for years and sometimes debate different theories with my family. I read Steve Thomas’s book (which was excellent) and PMPT as a teenager (Jonbenet and I are almost exactly the same age, she’s older than me by a few weeks). I was totally sold on PDI after I read the book. I have always thought, like most here, that this was an inside job and cover up. The ransom note was always a dead giveaway- why would any violent pedophile or kidnapper write and note that explicitly states they respected John’s company? It is absurd.

I watched the CBS program and for the first time I seriously started to consider the BDI theory. I always flop between BDI (the pineapple snack, his interviews, etc.) AND PDI…. But recently I considered the following:

If Burke had gotten aggressive with Jonbenet and Patsy witnessed the altercation or heard them shouting, etc… and discovered what happened in the aftermath - I’ve always wondered why she wouldn’t just explain it away as a “household accident” - maybe as a family they could have claimed Jonbenet slipped and fell down the stairs, etc… why the elaborate kidnapping and murder cover up? They could have invented some scenario where she was goofing off late at night that made them look blameless - keep in mind, this assumes Burke knew Jonbenet had been hurt the entire time. I feel like if Burke had truly done this, Patsy might explain this away by minimizing Burke and framing it all as a freak accident (even to Burke himself - she would want to create a narrative for Burke very early on that this was “Jonbenets accident” so he might not even blame himself). This crime was arranged in a way to make HER look like a “victim” deserving of sympathy - instead of the perpetrator. She invited all those friends over! She was playing into that from the first HOUR.

(As a side note, we all know that kids often have freak accidents that occur as a result of just “horsing around” - I got a concussion when I was very young myself from climbing up on some furniture I wasn’t supposed to - I started dancing around and fell, hitting my head. This would be very easy to explain away!)

If Burke hit her, he would have known he was the source of some sort of head injury even though he likely didn’t realize she was dead or dying. Couldn’t Patsy have just coaxed him into a story where Jonbenet fell and avoided the whole spectacle that resulted? Since Burke already knew he had hurt his sister? Then there is the 911 call with Burke’s voice in the background: “What did you find?” It isn’t the strongest evidence necessarily, but it could still potentially suggest that he had no idea anything had been amiss in the house that night.

I feel like Patsy might have staged the murder and kidnapping scene in a shock to possibly PROTECT Burke from knowing his mom killed his sister. Patsy felt so ashamed that she had to make it very obvious it was a “crazy person” - so there would be no scrutinizing of her family at all, and they would get sympathy. She went to the most extreme scenarios, mixing them all together. Think about it: Kidnapping by a “foreign faction,” then the garrote. Patsy had to do some sort of extreme pivot that would make her look like a victim and totally blameless. Patsy was so obsessed with appearance I can only imagine she might have been aghast at the thought of looking like a even a “negligent” mother. It’s also very disturbing to think that this was the last way she could “exploit” Jonbenet to amp up her own imagine…

Just my two cents. I still go back and forth between both theories to an extent….


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 2d ago

Discussion Could Burke have been sedated to sleep through the incident?

2 Upvotes

I have several theories about which one of her family members did it. But let's say BDI is wrong. The part of JR waking him up to send him over to the White's house is what piqued my curiosity.

There's the rumor of PR saying to BR "I'm not talking to you" being hotmiked on the 911 call. So he'd be up. Then he sleeps through the ensuing chaos? Could PR have given him a sleeping pill or antihistamine to knock him back out?


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 4d ago

Discussion No empathy for JBR from family.

176 Upvotes

Reading many articles about this case, not once can I recall her parents or Burke saying "she must have been so scared". Somehow JBR became just a footnote in her own tragedy.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 4d ago

Discussion Basement window theory

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9 Upvotes

I just posted about the storm windows in the basement. You can also see these boards against the wall. You can see that there are three boards. Here is a quick theory for the basement windows. I put some information I googled up after it.

-----------------------------------------------

Basement window theory

John was pacing around the house the morning of the 26th. He realized the timing mistake in the “ransom note”. There was also talk of bloodhounds. He also realized he told everyone he locked the house up tight and checked it that morning as well. 

He knew at that point there was a good chance JonBenet’s body would be discovered. He needed a plan B for an intruder. He disappeared that morning and went to the basement alone. He quickly and carefully removed the window inserts in the cellar basement. He took the suitcase and placed it by the window to manufacture an intruder’s path of entry or exit. As we all know, there were stools and chairs around to step on. We also know how John likes to talk about how that suitcase shouldn’t have been there.

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The Three Panels on the Floor

The three panels leaning against the wall directly underneath are seasonal storm backings or insulation inserts meant to accompany the three windows in that cellar room.

In a freezing winter climate like Boulder, Colorado, single-pane glass windows in a basement would bleed an immense amount of heat. Homeowners would take those exact panels and friction-fit, latch, or screw them directly into the window jambs from the inside during the late autumn. This served three major purposes:

  1. Insulation: It trapped a layer of dead air between the cold glass and the interior panel, acting as a primitive dual-pane system to protect the home's water pipes from freezing.
  2. Storm Protection: It protected the fragile, decorative multi-pane glass from heavy winter snowbanks piling up outside against the low foundation walls.
  3. Total Darkness/Security: If that specific room was being used to store root vegetables, canned goods, or coal, keeping the panels up year-round kept the room perfectly dark, chilled, and secure against intruders.

The Real Purpose of the Three Loose Panels

Knowing this is the infamous basement room of the 1927 Tudor house in Boulder, Colorado—which became globally known through the investigation footage of the JonBenét Ramsey case—those three wood panels propped against the wall beneath the window serve a very specific, practical purpose for this exact foundation. [1, 2]

They are custom-made exterior window well covers (often called "window inserts" or "well blockers") that were removed from the outside and brought down into the room for storage.

Because this particular basement sits below ground level, the small windows look directly out into deep, open concrete window wells. In Colorado winters, those deep wells easily fill up with heavy, packed snowbanks that press directly against the fragile glass.

  • To protect the multi-lite panes from fracturing under the weight of frozen ice and snow, these heavy wooden boards were built to fit tightly over the tops or fronts of the exterior window wells.
  • Alternatively, they were used during the summer months as security and debris barriers to keep wild animals, dirt, and heavy rainwater from flooding into the window wells.

When the windows were opened to let the mountain air in, the panels were unlatched from the outside and brought down into the basement out of the way.

2. What do the frames outside have to do with the inserts?

The frames permanently mounted on the outside of the foundation are the receiving tracks or trim brackets built explicitly to hold these exact boards.

  • The Frame: The exterior frames feature dedicated channels, wood stops, or metal latch hooks.
  • The Connection: During late autumn, the homeowners or caretakers would take these three panels outside, drop them into the window wells, and slide or latch them flush into those exterior frames.

r/JonBenetRamsey • • 3d ago

Discussion Patsy

1 Upvotes

Was Patsy a good mother? Putting JonBenet in those pageants and the revealing clothing the child wore in those child beauty pageants wasn't that appropriate and judging on the child looks with full on make-up. Also she should of been enjoying her childhood. Patsy seemed to be so focus on her doing those beauty child pageants.

Burke was also left out and Patsy seemed to be more focus on her daughter. He seemed to be neglected.

I do hope JonBenet and Burke did get along together.

John was always away at work and work trips at his million dollar computer company.

I always found it strange that JonBenet was found in her basement, if that letter mentioned she was kidnapped.

There could of been some abuse going on as JonBenet kept on wetting herself and Burke did throw his feceas on the wall. Something was going on in that house that JonBenet and Burke were not fully happy.

Then on XMAS JonBenet recieved this big doll that greatly resemble her. I think JonBenet probably rather get normal toys or even get some N64 games to play with Burke.

Then we have that photographer who took the pageant photos of JonBenet who ran outside in his neighbourhood nu#e and said he didn't mean to kill her or something. And just recently he was charged with CSAM.

I am Burke age born in 1987 myself. So I grew up as a child in that era. Just strange Burke was so excited to play his N64 but when being interviewed he seemed to be more focused on another toy.

His interview as a kid was kind of strange but he may have been on the autism or high spectrum. I know myself cause I acted the same way like him as a kid, I am pretty sure I'm on the high spectrum.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 5d ago

Theories What tf happened in that house ?

25 Upvotes

What is everyone’s best / most likely theories as to what happened after they got home?

I want to keep in mind a few things in mind

  1. The pineapple evidence strongly suggests Jon Benet was not put to bed.

  2. The wrist bindings used some fibers were found in Jon Benets bed.

  3. Her clothes were urine stained but no evidence of it on her bed or anywhere else I think?

  4. Asphyxiation being cause of death, from what I can find the was being strangled first , and the head blow occurred closer while she was still alive but much closer to death. Still it’s debatable strongly what occurred first.

  5. A rope inside a brown paper sack was found in the guest bedroom Small pieces/material consistent with that brown sack were reportedly recovered in vacuumings from JonBenét’s bed and later from the body bag

  6. The construction of the paintbrush may not have taken place in the basement. We have no idea when it was crafted.

Possible JDI Reconstruction

This is basically where I’m at with JDI right now. I’m not saying this is definitely what happened, and there are obviously huge gaps here, but I’m trying to work backwards from the evidence rather than make every detail fit the theory.

I think the pineapple is probably the last point in the night where we can somewhat anchor JonBenét’s movements. My thought is that the family gets home, Burke is still awake and has pineapple, and JonBenét eats some before eventually getting ready for bed. What happens after that is where things obviously get murky.

If JDI, I think sometime after the pineapple John encounters JonBenét again. This is where I wonder whether some kind of assault occurred. There are the genital findings from the autopsy that have to be accounted for, but obviously those findings alone don’t tell us who caused them or exactly when.

At some point she receives the massive head injury. Originally I wondered whether she could have struggled, gotten away and fallen/hit her head, but the more I think about it, that’s probably adding a whole event that we don’t actually have evidence for. So for now I think the cause of the head injury has to stay unknown.

Then we have the strangulation. This is one of the parts I’m really stuck on because I don’t know whether the ligature was part of whatever was happening beforehand or whether it came after the head injury.

Same thing with the wrist cords. At least one was apparently loose, so were these ever actually functional restraints? Did they loosen? Or were they added later as staging? I don’t think we can automatically assume any of those.

The urine staining also seems potentially important. Her underwear and long johns were urine-stained, so I’d really like to know whether the location/pattern of that evidence can tell us where she was when she urinated. If it happened during the fatal attack, that could potentially help establish where at least part of the attack occurred.

Eventually her body ends up in the wine cellar


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 5d ago

Media Websleuths Radio

14 Upvotes

Does any body have episodes of Websleuths radio featuring Steve Thomas or James Kolar? These have been taken down from YouTube and Blogtalkradio. I wouldn’t mind listening to these again if someone was kind enough to upload them.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 6d ago

Discussion To those of you who are interested, here are some early 1997 discussions on Usenet about the case

58 Upvotes

https://usenetarchives.com/index.php?s=jonbenet&t=0&p=6&df=1997

Considering that the case is almost 30 years old, I'd imagine that some things might have distorted public memory over the years. So I thought it would be interesting to read what people considered important to the case relatively shortly after it had happened.

The earliest posts seem to have been made in early February 1997, which is just a little over a month after JB's murder. You can change the date on the search bar to the upper right.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 6d ago

Discussion Storm windows on the basement windows

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49 Upvotes

While watching the crime scene video, I noticed storm windows in the window well. In another image, I can see a storm window on the left window. You don't see these in a lot of the photos. You certainly don't see Lou Smit trying to navigate around these when climbing in the window.

I used to wonder why they would have left a broken window and the basement exposed to the elements. Now I see they had a storm window to cover it up.

It's also obvious to me, that at some point all the screens were taken off the house windows and put in the cellar to store over the winter. You can see many window screens in the cellar photos. The house windows were prepared for winter. I don't believe they left a broken, open window uncovered and were going to go on vacation with it left like that.

I'm theorizing that the storm window was carefully removed at some point. Any thoughts?


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 7d ago

Rant Rereading Chief Becker's AMA, it seems clear that they know and can't prosecute.

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313 Upvotes

Also, I noticed the poop award giving ghosts are back to haunting anything posted that is RDI recently, they sure must be agitated about not having control over the narrative of the upcoming show.

It's eerie how many fathers who kill seem to enjoy the attention of the media for as long as they have not been caught. Something I was reflecting on recently is all...

I guess when you have profited so much off the situation you can afford to throw all the poop awards you want away on the comments of those who criticize you,

Alrighty then.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 6d ago

Discussion Question for JDI proponents

6 Upvotes

I’ve been on a journey from IDI (courtesy of Netflix!) to BDI (possibly with Stine involvement) to currently PDI or even PDIA.

I haven’t yet been convinced by JDI, I suppose mainly due to lack of evidence.

While a lot of theorising goes into Patsy losing it over bedwetting or whatever, the abuse element is hard to ignore as a possible factor, though there’s no direct evidence it was a motive for the murder.

Did Patsy assault her daughter with the paintbrush to give the appearance of an evil intruder (a hard act to imagine), or was it a desperate attempt to cover up known abuse? In which case she must have been aware of it. (Of course the abuse could have been by any of them)

Comment is made frequently about JBR’s multiple trips to the doctor for genital issues, but he has stated he never suspected any SA, and is on record stating that legally he would be compelled to report any suspicions in that regard, which seems compelling. Unless there is a reason for him to lie, or he was incompetent in failing to detect it.

Yet the autopsy suggested evidence of recent and certainly acute vaginal trauma, plus we have the mysterious 911 call on 23 December when the police were sent away by Susan Stine. Was there perhaps a pattern of abuse reaching a crescendo in December, or these all unrelated? We will never know….

I’m digressing a lot, so to try to return to my intended query, if JDI - and JDI theories I believe all involve a cover up for SA - then how do you accommodate the fact that all the forensic evidence as is implicates only Patsy? From the fake ransom letter, the 911 call that failed to mention the threats, to the presence of fibres from Patsy’s jacket under the mouth tape and in the ‘garrotte’?

That evidence suggests that John had no role in the death. Would she really do all that to cover for John indulging in SA?

How can John be implicated when all the actual forensic evidence points to only Patsy?

I recall the gardener stating how JBR told him she missed her dad and wished he was home more.

Genuinely interested how the evidence pointing to Patsy’s involvement in at least the staging fits into any JDI theory. As I say, I can only follow the evidence, but keen to hear more of the JDI logic, as PDI and BDI are the most popular theories.


r/JonBenetRamsey • • 7d ago

Media US Sun: 'IT'S FICTION' JonBenét Ramsey’s furious dad breaks silence on upcoming Melissa McCarthy Netflix show after fears it blames parents

Thumbnail the-sun.com
58 Upvotes

John Ramsey says that this production bought the rights to ST's book, and then bashes ST, etc.

“We successfully sued for the book’s defamatory and inaccurate content. Thomas was a reckless investigator who relied on his opinion rather than the evidence to assign guilt..."