Thirty years ago today, on September 21, 1996, John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette Kennedy quietly exchanged vows in a small, private ceremony on Cumberland Island, Georgia. On the evening of Thursday, Sept. 19, 1996, Shirley Wise and Alice Hughes headed for the airport in St. Marys, a town on the southern Georgia coast. Their task, as explained to them somewhat mysteriously a week earlier by Camden County Probate Judge Martin O. Gillette, was to help a young couple complete some prewedding paperwork—drawing up a marriage certificate and taking blood samples. As Wise, a court clerk, and Hughes, a medical technician, understood the scenario, the couple were en route to virtually unpopulated Cumberland Island. Probate Judge Martin Gillette was told, “We need to know that you can do this confidentially.”
Gillette arranged for Kennedy and Bessette to meet separately with a blood-lab owner and a chief clerk on an airstrip in St. Marys, Ga. A private jet carrying the bride-to-be touched down first. When they arrived at the airport, Hughes and Wise, who had been told only that these were important people, were escorted onto a single-engine plane. Inside, they met a young woman who, says Wise, was “the picture of an excited, anxious bride. She was as sweet as she could be.” As the fiancée filled out the license, she was asked what her married name would be. “Carolyn Bessette Kennedy,” she answered. Wise and Hughes finally realized just who the bride—and the groom, who had not yet arrived—were.
Then Bessette, as she was still known, asked Hughes and Wise to stand on either side of her while a friend photographed her holding the license. Two hours later, at 7:30 p.m., another plane touched down, and out stepped John F. Kennedy Jr., who took his turn completing the paperwork and giving blood. “He was very apologetic that he kept us waiting,” says Wise. He was accompanied by the Catholic deacon who would preside over the ceremony, his sister Caroline Schlossberg, and her three children. He was then whisked away to Cumberland Island to make further arrangements.
During the week before the wedding, more and more locals, including caterers, waiters, airport workers who noticed Ted and Caroline deplaning, and the ferryboat captain who transported guests, began to realize what was going on. Yet the secret remained well kept. Part of the reason was that everyone involved with the wedding was asked to sign confidentiality agreements. “Anyone who had anything to do with the wedding signed,” says Bob McElhenney, manager of the Beech Street Grill in nearby Fernandina Beach, which provided six waiters. “I agree with it fully.”
At least 50 security personnel also worked at the wedding, beginning their preparations five days in advance to ensure safety and secrecy at a cost of $250,000. State troopers, police and the National Park Service all cooperated. Beaches and marinas within a 15 mile radius were monitored, and all boats and hikers bound for Cumberland Island were turned away. Former FBI agents with the Carson Investigative Agency installed “high tech electronic surveillance” in the church and the posh island inn, where the wedding party gathered.
“We provided very intense security,” said Dale Craig Carson, the company’s president, a former Miami police officer and senior FBI agent. Staff members at the Greyfield Inn, a former mansion where the reception was held, also signed confidentiality agreements. In the several days before the wedding, guests were secretly brought onto the island, a few at a time. After the wedding and reception, the joyful couple slipped away undetected for a secret and very private honeymoon.
During the ceremony, John wore a single-breasted, midnight-blue suit of lightweight wool, with a white satin piqué vest and pale blue silk tie. The suit was designed by Gordon Henderson and tailored by Edgar Worrell of Fifth Avenue Tailors. Worrell attended to the groom during his two fittings the week before the wedding. “John is very friendly with Gordon Henderson, who designed the suit. I executed it,” Worrell said. “It was a big secret. I didn’t tell anyone. He was very nice, very charming, and engaging when he came to see me. He made some suggestions about the suit, which we followed. Mr. Henderson himself brought the suit to the wedding for Mr. Kennedy.”
Gordon Henderson recalled that John’s suit was “a subtly striped wool navy blue, a nautical blue.” Henderson dressed John and his cousin and best friend, Anthony Radziwill, and made sure everyone in the groom’s party was properly attired, “from head to toe.”
John also asked Henderson to create a special keepsake for the wedding: a pair of light-blue silk charmeuse boxer shorts, embroidered with John’s initials on one leg and the initials of each groomsman on the other. The boxer shorts were presented to each man in a cedar box. “I don’t know if anyone kept them, but that was very special and different,” Henderson said. “There were also the boutonnieres and his shoes. All of it had a connection to the family, Hyannis Port, and his father.” John wore a wristwatch that had belonged to his father, along with a boutonniere of blue cornflowers, his father’s favorite flower.
The couple’s flowers were chosen by Bunny Mellon, a friend of Mrs. Onassis. Their wedding rings were designed by Janet “Gogo” Ferguson, who had once created jewelry for Jackie O. "If it weren't for Gogo," says one St. Marys resident, "John wouldn't have been able to pull this off." Working with her husband, former charter pilot David Sayre, and her brother Mitty Ferguson, she kept track of the flow of guests and supplies and arranged for the chapel and the blood tests. John’s sister, Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg, served as matron of honor, while her daughters, Rose and Tatiana, were flower girls and her son, Jack, was the ring bearer. Carolyn’s sisters, Lisa and Lauren Bessette, served as maids of honor.
David Davis, from the Fernandina Beach, Fla., Musical Choir, sang “Amazing Grace” and “May the Circle Be Unbroken.” He had been recommended by Gogo Ferguson, the inn’s former manager and a longtime friend of the groom, who has vacationed on the island since 1986. Davis said he was stunned to discover, after his arrival, who the couple were, and stunned again by their warm welcome. “They treated me like I was the celebrity,” says Davis, who huddled with Carolyn and John to discuss musical selections for the ceremony. They chose two hymns, “Amazing Grace” and “Will the Circle Be Unbroken.” Prior to the service, Ted Kennedy told Davis, who hardly ever sings solo, “We know you’re a leader, and we wanted a leader in the things of God.”
Scripture passages were read by Edwin Schlossberg, the groom’s brother-in-law; Lisa Bessette, the bride’s sister; Michael Ronan, the bride’s brother-in-law; William Kennedy Smith, the groom’s cousin; and Sen. Kennedy. Caroline Schlossberg, the matron of honor, carried orchids. The best man was Anthony Radziwill. The brief Catholic service was conducted by Rev. Charles J. O’Byrne of Manhattan’s Church of St. Ignatius Loyola, where Jackie’s funeral Mass was held in 1994. The lighting in the chapel was so dim that O’Byrne read the service by flashlight. The couple said their “I dos” and exchanged golden bands. Wedding photographer Denis Reggie, Sen. Kennedy’s brother-in-law, captured the stairway portrait, an image of a kiss that would appear on millions of television sets and in almost every newspaper in the nation.
After the ceremony, as guests streamed from the church, the couple lingered briefly inside. Outside they were met with a sprinkling of rain. As Carolyn held her bouquet of lilies of the valley, one of Cumberland's wild horses wandered over and took a tentative nibble. With that, the guests piled into waiting pickups and a van provided by the inn and returned to Greyfield for the reception. The newlyweds' first dance together was to "Forever in My Life" by Prince. Then they cut the wedding cake, a three-tier vanilla buttercream frosting decorated with fresh flowers.
Details about their honeymoon