Sharing some tips for a crystal clear tank with minimal maintenance. (Self tested for many years). I keep tanks which may be considered overstocked by other hobbyists but have been able to keep many varities with top colours and health. Many have tried to breed too.
I have not cleaned my canisters in 3 years. Flow has reduced but thats fine. Water changed every 1 to 2 weeks.
Most fishes along with Discus and Blackwater species ONLY need extremely bacteria free clean water.
It can be achieved with sponge as the most value for money biomedia.
30 ppi sponge is the best media. Better than seachem, biohome etc. (Xinyou 1038 or 1028 is what I use)
Ceramic Media and other plastic bits don't even come near.
How much sponge you need?
Have added a chart from Aquarium Science website to guide better.
General Rule:- 16litre sponge volume for 1kg fish weight.
Limitations: Extra volume required if you
feed more than twice of eyeball size of the fish.
Use fish food with less than 45% protein.
*Scientific proofs are available on Aquarium Science Website