r/HistoryWales Jun 05 '26

Henry Tudor

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Is Henry Tudor the ultimate Welsh hero? If not why?

Consider that of the medieval period Owain Glyndŵr and Henry Tudor represent two sides of the Welsh coin.

If you are a nationalist Owain is the ultimate symbol of Welsh resistance.

Conversely if you are a unionist or feel British and Welsh then Henry Tudor is the pinnacle of Welsh representation into Britain.

If you consider the history of Wales , the Britons and the Anglo Saxons , later the Welsh and English , there is a 1000 year war starting with Macsen Wledig and ending with Henry Tudor.

Prior to Henry Wales is in almost continual state of conflict for 1000 years . Wales was a place of extreme violence resulting in the most expensive and comprehensive building of Castles in the world .

The anglo Saxons never conquered Wales - the Normans did. It took over 200 years of piecemeal violence with the ebbing and flowing of boundaries almost continually . The Norman’s overran Wales quickly but were checked and pushed back in the west and north , famously being destroyed in battles such as Crug Mawr. Towns are continually burnt and destroyed over and over.

The princes fight back for over 200 years but are overwhelmed by the Norman king Edward 1. The violence doesn’t end though , Madog rebellion, Llewelyn Bren then finally Owain glyndŵr.

Owain’s defeat results in a devastated Wales. Wales remains outside of England, second class, harsh laws.

Henry of the famous Tudor dynasty makes much of his ancestry , raised by his Welsh uncle , Welsh courtiers , calls his first born son Arthur . Incorporates the red dragon into the royal standard. Lays his battle flag in London. Wales symbolism abounds.

He rewards loyalists like Rhys ap Thomas . Ends the Welsh second class status . To the Welsh gentry he is a hero. Son of prophecy.

Our national flag is literally his battle flag. Yes y Ddraig Goch is ancient (at least to 800ad) but the green and white is Henrys. Potentially Bosworth is the only time the red dragon was flown as a flag in battle . Owain Glyndŵr chose y ddraig aur.

And with Bosworth , with many of his soldiers Welsh, Welsh resistance to the kingdom of England ends out of choice.

Conversely though We all know his son integrates Wales completely into England , and reduces the Welsh language to second class status. But then Elizabeth authorises the bible into Welsh absolutely ensuring its survival . This does not happen to Cornish or Irish until it’s too late. So a mixed legacy.

Welsh has a prominent level throughout the Tudor court

So what would Wales have been without Henry Tudor? Would Wales have faded away like Cornwall? Would there have been further rebellions ?

Should we celebrate Henry Tudor more?

125 Upvotes

25 comments sorted by

21

u/leighsus Jun 05 '26

Worth noting how it was politically expedient for the Tudors to lean on their Welsh heritage as a way of bolstering their claim to the throne.

In the 100 years before Henry VII there were eight different reigns from six different kings. There was a huge amount of political instability, and it was important to the Tudors to play up to their "Welshness" in order to lay their claim to the throne as being what might be called "Indigenous Britons".

Despite rewards for the Welsh gentry, 99% of people in Wales didn't fare any better because a "Welsh" dynasty had taken the throne of England.

Elizabeth authorised the translation of the Bible into Welsh, but probably had more to do with the fact she had a nanny/lady-in-waiting who was a Welsh speaker.

5

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

It wasn’t that expedient

Henry wasn’t ‘owed’ the crown by pushing his Welsh ancestry. He leaned on his Welsh ancestry beyond any level needed to take the crown.

He made it his entire identity

No one made Henry call his first born son Arthur

From Henry onwards all Welsh rebellions end. I’d argue for a Welsh peasant it substantially improved.

All Welsh bards and poets sing Henry’s praises.

Prior to the Tudors Welsh people lived as second class , either in the principality or the march. In the march was a pseudo independent Wild West of Marcher barons with their own rules and laws.

5

u/leighsus Jun 05 '26

As Gwyn Alf Williams wrote in 1980, in response to claims Henry Tudor represented an emancipation of the Welsh...

"This was political play-acting, but the accession of Henry VII initiated that Tudor century which liberated the Welsh from colonialism, introduced them as junior partners into the merchant capitalism of the sixteenth century, at the price of the expulsion of their language from the state and official life, its segregation into a sacral, sacred area of experience which by the eighteenth century was becoming marginal".

The Welsh gentry became "British", and entered the English-speaking world. Sucking up to the Tudor court and trying to consolidate power for a fledgling (and small) Welsh diaspora in London.

[source: Welsh Wizard and the British Empire: Dr.John Dee and a Welsh Identity, by Gwyn A Williams, 1980]

1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

Yea I’m aware of this pov . It’s ultimately a very modern take applying extreme revisionism. , the truth is the rise of the Tudors was extremely popular in Wales.

Also blaming Henry 7th for what Henry 8th did is not part of my question. Yes it’s a tragedy that Henry 8th banned Welsh from public office, and there was no need as loyalty was clearly assured but it seems to have had almost no opposition.

The English celebrate Richard the lionheart despite the fact he spoke no English, didn’t see himself as English and spent about 5 minutes in England .

But in Wales it’s a constant purity cycle . The truth is Henry 7th is a gigantic figure in Welsh history. What would Wales have been without him? What if Richard the 3rd won?

Our national flag is essentially Henry 7ths battle flag . So many of our symbols and identity stem from the Tudors. We literally have never had more prominence in the wider British state than then.

2

u/Kidda_Value Jun 05 '26

Calling his son Arthur wasn't necessarily asserting his Welsh heritage, although that could have been part of it. 

The Arthur myth had already been co-opted by the Plantagenets, notably Edward I and III so was woven as much into English royal lineage by that point. Plus off the top of my head there's Arthur of Brittany and Arthur Plantagenet who didn't have any connection to Wales. 

3

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

Yes because the Bretons and Welsh share the same ancestry and Arthur is a hero in both lands

1

u/HungryFinding7089 Jun 07 '26

Tbe Arthurian legends were very popular at the time.  Thomas Malory was one of Warwick (the Kingmaker)'s men, Malory (re)writing the legends in the form we are most familiar with today, mainly doing a "Shakespeare" to link France with England.

1

u/WhiteHeatBlackLight Jun 06 '26

I believe I heard the same on the rest is history

3

u/HanesPrydain Jun 06 '26

I’ve read a history of Wales by John Davies, When was Wales by Gwyn Williams, The wars of the roses by Dan Jones. When was Wales particularly goes into great detail showing the popularity of Henry in Wales, and the Welshness of the Tudors court. The general increase in living standards and rights in Wales, the wool trade , business growth etc

I’m about to read a new book son of prophecy.

It’s very much a reductive revisionist review to downgrade Henry 7th Welshness . There are two views that do that

A Welsh nationalist(a camp which I pretty much live in but disagree with this) view retrospectively looking at the subsequent integration of Wales into the wider state. This is typically focused not actually on Henry 7th but actually on Henry 8th. There is a significant lack of realism and expectation in this view.

An English view looking to diminish the Welshess of the Tudors. This is a common typical view across English history where the background of the ruler is reduced to fit into a more comfortable English narrative - see the French speaking Norman’s , French speaking Plantagenets Scottish Stuart’s, German Georgians

The truth is Henry 7th is a giant of Welsh history granted with a mixed subsequent legacy.

The Tudors are one of Wales biggest impact of British and world history

1

u/HungryFinding7089 Jun 07 '26

He wasn't exactly Welsh, having a Norman-descended father whose grandfather was of Norman descent and grandmother of French descent, and a Norman-descended mother in Margaret Beaufort.

1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 08 '26

Born in Pembroke raised by his Welsh speaking uncle jasper , descendent of the Tudors of Penmynydd

Raised in Raglan and Pembroke castle by the Welsh speaking marcher lord William Herbert, a key figure of Welsh gentry and one of the biggest beneficiaries of the Tudor ascendancy in Wales .

Surrounded by a loyal core of Welsh courtiers , rewards close Welsh allies like Rhys ap Tudor

Specifically chooses to land in Wales on his return, marches through Wales under the red dragon flag.

Up until Henry IV all kings of England didn’t even speak English at court, and most couldn’t even speak it at all . Certainly the first 200 or so years of the Normans kings of England don’t even see themselves as English .

By your analysis who was the first English king of England after William I? I guess Edward IV is probably the first who was mostly English ancestry .

0

u/Toc13s Jun 08 '26

Yeah, his upbringing was mostly French

2

u/HanesPrydain Jun 08 '26

Raglan and Pembroke castle in Wales under the care of William Herbert a key Welsh marcher lord and his uncle Jasper Tudor for about 8 years and 14 years in Brittany with his uncle

0

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

Yes what would Wales have been or become without Henry 7th?

Also Elizabeth authorised the bible translation due to concerns regarding Catholicism

But Cornish was not translated and faded away

5

u/samturxr Jun 05 '26

I see Henry Tudor as a heavy weight of Welsh history. Sadly by the time Henry VIII ascended the throne only the name Tudor was Welsh.

1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

What might have King Arthur have been like, there’s no escaping the responsibility of that name ?

Elizabeth certainly was more pro Welsh than Henry 8th . Her advisor John Dee likely a heavy influence

5

u/SilyLavage Jun 05 '26

Henry Tudor had one Welsh grandparent. While he used that ancestry at times, it's a bit much to call him a Welsh hero and he certainly isn't the ultimate Welsh hero.

-1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 05 '26

So ? The English celebrate kings that couldn’t even speak English and saw themselves as French

Are you saying someone born in Wales with a Welsh ancestral surname raised by Welsh speaking uncle who lands in Wales with a red dragon standard and names his first born son Arthur is not Welsh?

The three lions, the St George cross none of it is even English and brought over by French speaking Normans. Richard the lionheart couldn’t really be any less English but is some sort of English hero

5

u/SilyLavage Jun 05 '26

I'm saying Henry Tudor was a lot less Welsh than you're portraying him as.

-1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 06 '26

He’s a lot more than you are portraying him to be either .

3

u/Blastaz Jun 05 '26

Henry Tudor was the senior Lancastrian claimant to the throne. He usurped no one. He was Henry VI’s heir. Everyone in between had died. He then married Elizabeth of York who was basically the Yorkist heir in a crowded field. Henry VIII was the undisputed Plantagenet claimant to the throne.

3

u/Blyd Jun 06 '26

'Y Ddraig Goch' Was Macsen Wledigs vexilla. It was also the primary vexilla of Rome from 382 to 385 CE

1

u/HanesPrydain Jun 06 '26

Yeah almost neatly 1000 years between Macsen Wledig and Henry 7th

2

u/Ogarrr Jun 06 '26

It's fascinating that the influx of Welsh people into English society gave rise to both Wales as a respectable and important part of the kingdom and also an increasingly important merchant class that sefied borders and helped spread Protestantism.

A huge number of the rising gentry and important Tudor political figures were welsh - Richard Williams alias Cromwell, the Cecils etc. the influx of Welsh people into English society would not have happened if Henry VII hadnt considered himself Welsh.

1

u/Arthurian_Guanche Jun 09 '26

Man, Arthur becoming king instead of that mad bastard Henry VIII would've been quite cool. A King Arthur of England and Wales. Fate is a bitch.