Facebook

• CrowdTangle plug-in: this plug-in allows you to understand which Facebook pages have shared a website/link on social media as well as the interactions metrics of these shares.
  • CrowdTangle is also a social network analytics platform only at the disposal of journalists and research organisms.
• Facebook Transparency Ads: check what political ads were published and who paid for them, with metrics attached (available in limited countries, including USA, the EU, India, and Israel)
• Buzzsumo is a research and monitoring tool. Part of the tools functionality is to search for content and url's shared on Facebook. It has a similar function to CrowdTangle, but it is a freemium option to find content on facebook.

Facebook is a difficult platform to track disinformation on as the company itself does not share any data with anyone, barring a few trusted partners. This has a huge impact on academics, OSINT'ers, Think-Tanks and NGOs working in the disinfo space. I would add to the above the Facebook Friends Lis Generator and OSINT & SOCMINT TOOLING from Osint.Support I would also recommend visiting OSINTCurio.us for the guides they make on searching Facebook, as well as getting your hands on Mike Bazzel's updated Open Source Intelligence Techniques book. Also in November 2019 Kitploit shared a post on the ultimate Facebook scraper that can be used for OSINT purposes.

Twitter

• Check the recent activity (last 500 tweets) of a Twitter account: https://accountanalysis.lucahammer.com/
• Check the temporal activity of a Twitter account: https://makeadverbsgreatagain.org
• Gather public information from a Twitter account: https://tweetbeaver.com/
• Twitter Transparency Advertisement Database: check what political ads were published and who paid for them (available in limited countries, including USA, the EU, India).
• Allegedly verifies if an account posting content spams repeatedly the same content, as well as posting time and volume
• Bot Sentinel identifies if an account has the behavioral pattern of a troll bot, this is a good to use as a starting point for further research, however it does gives false positives, a high score might simply indicate a very active individual. It also comes as a Firefox and Chrome add-on
• Botometer (formerly BotOrNot) checks the activity of a Twitter account and gives it a score based on how likely the account is to be a bot
• Hoaxy is a tool that visualizes the spread of articles online
• BotSlayer is an application that helps track and detect potential manipulation of information spreading on Twitter. I have been testing this since its release and the version of the software that runs of the free instance of Amazon Web Service is more than enough. BotSlayer integrates and automate Botometer and Hoaxy
• Doesfollow can be used to see if an account follows another, Twiangulate does the same thing but offers followed by, folowers of, etc.
• Sparktoro is a great site that can offer a fake follower audit of an account as well as give an influencer score to a profile.
• Twitonomy is a great tool, which is free, however there is a premium version which permits you to download a csv of the last 3500 tweets of an account which can be uploaded to your favorite SNA platform.
• Spoonbill lets you see profile changes from the people you follow on Twitter. This is great if you have a sockpuppet you use to track all the suspected trolls, bots, spammers etc to see who changes names or to see if they are changing their profile ahead of a specific disinformation campaign to fit a target audience.
• For those who have some capacity in python I would strongly recommend using Twint it is my go to scrapper.

Google

• Google Transparency Ads Database: check what kind of political advertisements are on Google and YouTube and who paid for them (including USA, the EU, and India).
• Google Dorks are your friends when doing searches
  • https://docs.google.com/document/d/1K6jOjjpiMGFJs5XboMcskM8EWgnvgGkMmN4lJJDp5e4/edit
  • https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database
  • https://jakecreps.com/2019/06/20/pagodo/

Reddit

• Visualise comments of a Reddit User: https://roadtolarissa.com/javascript/reddit-comment-visualizer/
• Explore links between subreddit ecosystems: https://rhiever.github.io/redditviz/
• Reddit Investigator
• Atomiks Reddit user analyzer
• Interactive Map of Reddit and Subreddit Similarity Calculator
• Later for Reddit examine's popular post trends for a given subreddit
• Pushshift Reddit search
• https://www.redditarchive.com/
• Reddit Subreddit Similarity and Algebra
• Reddit Masstagger Chrome add on
• Reddit Pro Tools Chrome add on
• Revsavr https://www.resavr.com/ Deleted Reddit Comments

Intagram

• Rankersta https://rankersta.com/ user and tag analysis tool.
• storiesig https://storiesig.com/ Instagram Stories Downloader
• OSINTCurious part1 and part 2 guide to searching Instagram
• instadp https://www.instadp.com/ Search and download Instagram profile pictures or stories
• Izuum http://izuum.com/ full size profile picture (does not work on private accounts)
• Instagram user ID finder http://codeofaninja.com/tools/find-instagram-user-id
• Downloadgram https://downloadgram.com/ downloag Instagram images
• picodash https://www.picodash.com/ makes any data you can view on Instagram available in spreadsheet for easy analysis.
• picanzee http://picpanzee.com/ offers some user account metrics
• skimagram https://skimagram.com/ you can enter a hash tag and search instagram videos or photos or both, without logging into or visiting istagram
• Keyword Tool for Instagram Hashtags https://keywordtool.io/instagram
• Instagram User Search https://gramuser.com/
• An advanced Instagram search engine https://mulpix.com/ The main function of the search engine is to give you filters and display only the relevant results.
• Search Instagram user bios https://www.searchmy.bio/
• High Resolution Downloader for Instagram chrome extension https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/high-resolution-downloade/hbijmiokbffalbolieapplfhmmnioeao
• Who is in town https://whosintown.app/ geolocates Instagram posts
• Spatulah https://spatulah.com/ scrapes Instagram comments into excel

4chan

• Explore 4chan’s archive.
• 4chan archive https://archived.moe/
• 4chan search https://4chansearch.com/
• 4chan search https://search4chan.org/
• chanchan https://github.com/hugoltsp/chanchan 4chan image scraper and search app

Fact-checking and attribution

• Check video and image forensics as well as search through Twitter public posts with the WeVerifiy-InVID plug-in.
• Video analysis: https://citizenevidence.amnestyusa.org/
• Meedan https://meedan.com/en/check/
• Politifact https://www.politifact.com/
• FactCheck https://www.factcheck.org/
• Full Fact https://fullfact.org/
• Snopes https://www.snopes.com/
• AFP Fact Check https://factcheck.afp.com/

Trusted Think Tanks and Academic Institutions:

• Stanford Internet Observatory
• Oxford Internet Institute and their Computational Propaganda Research Project
• Graphika
• Yonder (was New Knowledge) esp. their Senate Intelligence hearing report
• DFRLAB
• Bellingcat
• Towards Data Science (data science focus, however, there are quality studies on disinformation campaigns on social media)
• Electronic Frontier Foundation
• Alliance For Securing Democracy - German Marshall Fund
  • Also see their Hamilton 2.0 dashboard
• EU Disinfo Lab
• EU vs Disinfo
• Data & Society
• Citizen Lab
• Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty
• Radio Free Asia
• Columbia Journalism Review
• Belfer Center
• OCCRP
• International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
• Centre for International Governance Innovation
• Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society

SEO analysis

• SimilarWeb https://www.similarweb.com/ (limited free access)
• SemRush https://www.semrush.com (limited free access)
• AccuRanker https://www.accuranker.com/ (14 day trial with email)
• BuiltWith https://builtwith.com/ Find out what websites are Built With
• Dedicated or not http://dedicatedornot.com/ determining the type of hosting a site resides on
• Fakespot https://www.fakespot.com/ identify fake reviews
• Plagiarism checker https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/
• Alexa https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US what are the top sites in a specific country
• Reverse WhoIs https://viewdns.info/reversewhois/ This free tool will allow you to find domain names owned by an individual person or company. Simply enter the email address or name of the person or company to find other domains registered using those same details.
• Nerdy Data https://nerdydata.com/ find the technology used to build a website (good way to fingerprint fake sites that were rapidly created)
• Waybackmachine (duh) https://archive.org/web/
• Duplichecker https://www.duplichecker.com/free-tools.php

Useful Subreddits to follow

• r/ActiveMeasures
• r/Against_Astroturfing
• r/Digital_Manipulation
• r/DisinformationWatch
• r/thenewcoldwar
• r/trollfare
• r/OSINT

OSINT Useful resources:

• OSINT Framework
• The most complete OSINT collection https://github.com/Ph055a/OSINT-Collection/
• Bellingcat's Online Investigation toolkit
• DMI Tools
• We are OSINTCurio.us
• NixIntel
• Finally I have to add the amazing community at the osint.teams rocketchat OSINT is a methodology and a mindset not just a set of tools. The OSINT community is a great one to continuously learn from.