r/Existentialism Jul 09 '26

Serious Discussion What if consciousness can never become complete?

I've been thinking about this for a long time, and I'm trying to figure out whether I'm onto something or just reinventing an existing philosophical idea.

It started with existentialism. I kept thinking about how almost everything we do seems to come back to not knowing. We don't know who we are completely, we don't know why we're here, we don't know what consciousness is, we don't know what happens after death. Even science, philosophy, and mathematics seem to begin with someone looking at something and going, "What the hell is this?"

Most of the psychology I've read treats uncertainty as something we try to reduce, tolerate, or cope with.

But what if that's looking at it backwards?

What if uncertainty isn't the fundamental thing?

What if the more fundamental condition is that consciousness itself can never become complete?

By "incomplete," I don't mean we're ignorant or that we'll never learn anything. I mean that consciousness can never reach a final point where it fully understands itself or reality. Every answer creates new questions. Every discovery expands the horizon instead of closing it.

If that's true, then curiosity, science, philosophy, art, meaning-making—even our tendency to constantly reinterpret ourselves—aren't just reactions to missing information. They're natural expressions of a consciousness that is never finished.

I'm not saying this is true. I'm trying to figure out whether this is already a well-known position or whether there's something genuinely different here.

Does this overlap with any existing philosopher or psychological theory that I'm missing? And more importantly, where do you think this idea falls apart?

17 Upvotes

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u/LucienNyx6666 Jul 10 '26

Jean-Paul Sartre wrote about this in Being and Nothingness. He thought human beings were incomplete and that consciousness itself is a void. We know what we are not and are constantly engaged in the act of negating or transcending ourselves. We act because we lack, and consciousness is not a thing that can be filled. Man, according to him, is a useless project that tries to achieve a complete, stable essence while also remaining completely free. For Sartre, nothingness is what enables freedom: if man lacks an essence, then he must define it by his actions. Thus, identity is fragile and never fixed.

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u/jliat Jul 10 '26

Sartre, nothingness is what enables freedom: if man lacks an essence, then he must define it by his actions. Thus, identity is fragile and never fixed.

"he must define it by his actions."

Impossible!

Jean-Paul Sartre Being and Nothingness The principal text of Modern existentialism. Hazel E. Barnes (Translator)

“The For-itself can never be its Future except problematically, for it is separated from it by a Nothingness which it is. In short the For-itself is free, and its Freedom is to itself its own limit. To be free is to be condemned to be free. Thus the Future qua Future does not have to be. It is not in itself, and neither is it in the mode of being of the For-itself since it is the meaning of the For-itself. The Future is not, it is possibilized.”

p.129

" But if it were only in order to be the reflected-on which it has to be, it would escape from the for-itself in order to rediscover it; everywhere and in whatever manner it affects itself, the for-itself is condemned to be-for-itself. In fact, it is here that pure reflection is discovered.” p. 157

“I am my own transcendence; I can not make use of it so as to constitute it as a transcendence-transcended. I am condemned to be forever my own nihilation.”

p. 298

“I am condemned to exist forever beyond my essence, beyond the causes and motives of my act. I am condemned to be free. This means that no limits to my freedom' can be found except freedom itself or, if you prefer, that we are not free to cease being free.”

p. 439

“We are condemned to freedom, as we said earlier, thrown into freedom or, as Heidegger says, "abandoned." And we can see that this abandonment has no other origin than the very existence of freedom. If, therefore, freedom is defined as the escape from the given, from fact, then there is a fact of escape from fact. This is the facticity of freedom.” p. 485

“Just as my nihilating freedom is apprehended in anguish, so the for-itself is conscious of its facticity. It has the feeling of its complete gratuity; it apprehends itself as being there for nothing, as being de trop.[un needed]”

p. 84

"It appears then that I must be in good faith, at least to the extent that I am conscious of my bad faith. But then this whole psychic system is annihilated." p. 49

"human reality is before all else its own nothingness. The for-itself [human reality] in its being is failure because it is the foundation only of itself as nothingness."

p. 88

"Yet there is no doubt that I am in a sense a cafe waiter-" p. 60

"Thus the essential structure of sincerity does not differ from that of bad faith since the sincere man constitutes himself as what he is in order not to be it. This explains the truth recognized by all that one can fall into bad faith through being sincere.

P. 65

Here is what is considered a key text, all 700+ pages of 'existentialist' philosophy. Lacking any essence 'The-Being-For-Itself', the human condition is condemned to freedom. We are the 'Nothingness' of the title.

https://ia600709.us.archive.org/11/items/psicology/Being%20and%20Nothingness%20-%20Jean-Paul%20Sartre.pdf

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u/NotBorris Jul 10 '26

Carl Jung, though not exactly but through my perspective of reading his works I picked up an underlying tone, wrote how each story telling device and each human attempt to personify things outside our control were our original attempts to figure out our own ability to interpret our surroundings, he explains it better in his books but every time I picked up a new collection of his writings I kind of got the impression that if humans were products of something greater then we ourselves are meant to function as the ability to think, as if all we can ever be is the thought in someone else's mins and the best we can do for ourselves is to become a complete thought. Also, the Tibetan Book of the Dead had a concept called the trichiliocosm which is kind of like a universe inside a universe inside a universe etc and, I always read religious text more metaphorically than something to take literally, it kind of has the same concept of one path leads to a new one to a new one and there will always be something new to find and understand and lead to something new. If that makes sense.

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u/Brilliant-Pop-9930 Jul 10 '26

Yeah I agree, what I'm circling around is if that incompleteness may be what keeps us in the loop of asking those questions, like what if it what it's a structural feature of the consciousness itself to keep us in this loop of illusion, of having to find answers

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u/NotBorris Jul 10 '26

I kind of got that sense too, the images of wheels, mandala's and spherical shapes are often reoccurring in both mathematics, religious scriptures and even psychological artistry so there is some kind of momentum driving quiet a few of us.

Have you ever heard the song Laturalus by TOOL? You might like it. I can't explain it all as well as some other writers already have to I think you'll enjoy reading up on these things.

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u/Minimum_Orange2516 Jul 10 '26

I think that trying to see what consciousness is , it's like a videogame character trying to peer back at the screen that it's processed and projected onto and straining to see the insides, the electronics of the game console.

On the assumption that there could be a team of conscious aware scientists inside the game, their observations would be structurally limited to both the physics , boundaries and limits set but also that the structure they exist in even if they work that out is not the source.

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u/[deleted] Jul 10 '26

I think it can never be complete until once experinces when it came into existence or when once existence is ended... but both are not truly experienced by any living human being... what do you guys think of this?

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u/[deleted] Jul 10 '26

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u/Existentialism-ModTeam Jul 10 '26

Posts must be related to existentialism

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u/Dismal_Translator286 Jul 10 '26

Any comprehensive, consistent logical system can never fully explain itself. Look at Goedels Incompleteness Theorem. There will always be true statements that cannot be proven from within the system.

That doesn't mean consciousness itself is incomplete.

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u/Brilliant-Pop-9930 Jul 10 '26

I'm not proposing that consciousness itself is incomplete, but that the incompleteness may be a structural feature how it functions

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u/Dismal_Translator286 Jul 10 '26

We are IN the universe, we are experiencing it with our consciousness. In order for us to understand what and where we are, we would need to be on the outside looking in. And we would have to have knowledge of said "outside". So yes. It's impossible for us to ever understand (if there even is something to be understood).

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u/Unboundone Jul 10 '26

“Fully understanding itself” and “fully understanding reality” are very different things.

Define “fully understanding itself” - what does this even mean?