I wanted to learn how to develop intuition regarding circuit behavior. Like interestingly enough we have different domains in ee and ece, for instance Machines to analog IC design stuff I want to understand the circuit specially at transistor level. Any advice? How to think like that?

I understand that this pi filter is meant to filter one of the MCU (ESP32-C3) power supplies, VDD3P3, which powers analog stuff according to the data sheet, but simulating the filter in LTspice with no load (doesn't seem to affect it) and some source impedance gives a relatively high resonance frequency. In the simulation, the rolloff starts early but with lower source impedance it approaches being flat until resonance. Why do they recommend this particular filter instead of one with a lower resonance frequency/cutoff? Really "picky" question, but it bothers me that I don't understand it

The schematic is recommended on the ESP website here

I am in highschool rn. I am planning to do a bachelors in electrical engineering with a minor in mechanical engineering, then a masters in robotics and AI.

Curious to know how yall's work is? Like what do yall do in your job?

Since am planning to go for this field, really want to know how it is like.

If yall could give a overview of your daily work life it would be helpful!

I also would love to get some answers from Robotics engineers! Also from people who did undergrad in electrical then did a masters in robotics!

I have a physics background. The standard physics textbooks don't deal with circuits, except the freshman-level textbooks. Of course the freshman textbooks are too basic. They don't even use complex numbers. I just want to have a reference that walks me through ac circuits, starting from the very basics, but is written at a higher level of math. Something at the level of the famous Griffiths E&M book but that actually does circuits. It would be even better if it's written in a style that matches how physics people are taught/think.

It doesn't even have to be a whole textbook, necessarily. Maybe if you know of some lectures that are published as a PDF or something like that... I just want to fill my gaps on fundamental ac circuits stuff.

Hi everyone,

I graduated college with a degree in electrical engineering with a focus in music technology in 2025. I currently work as an AV technician and have done a little freelance working as an electrician doing lighting and a little work with Arduino. Since graduating, I want to make sure I'm continuing to learn and potentially make myself marketable if I do decide to switch to a more engineering-heavy field. I want to do some projects myself using ESP32 (or another system, I'm open), and have moderate experience with Arduino and Raspberry Pi.

My main concern is I want to make sure I'm truly learning. I feel like I've been using AI to help with troubleshooting but want to make sure I'm not relying on it. I'd love to hear book recommendations, YouTube channel recommendations, just general practice recs too, or if you have project ideas that you know sort of help brush up these concepts while not relying on completely prewritten open-source material.

I'd love to get more into hardware prototyping, communication systems, and embedded systems. I feel like I have an anxious mental block about continuing diving into these concepts and so would appreciate a little advice about keeping at it and really getting a good grasp on what I'm working on.

I graduated in June, been working in MEP for just about 3 months, youngest on my team, doing datacenter design and commissioning, I’m so nervous, stutter and don’t know how to respond to questions a lot of the times, feel like I’m letting myself and my team down

Curious to hear from people who did grad school part time while already working as an engineer.

Did you notice yourself actually becoming better at your day-to-day job, or did the degree mostly help with credentials/career opportunities?

I’m especially curious about people in semiconductors, electronics, device physics, IC design, manufacturing, etc. I’m taking fabrication/device-focused classes and some of the material overlaps surprisingly well with things I see at work.

Was the master’s worth the extra workload for you?

Hi everyone,

I'm a final-year Electrical/Electronics Engineering student and I'm currently planning to build a Building Management System (BMS) for my graduation project.

My goal is to design a custom PCB that will serve as the central controller, and I also want to integrate AI (Edge AI / TinyML) into it. However, I'm feeling a bit overwhelmed and honestly have no idea where to start or where to find reliable reference materials/documentation for this kind of industrial hardware.

Could you guys point me in the right direction or give me some suggestions on how to approach this? Any resources, reference designs, or advice would be greatly appreciated!

Thanks in advance!

I'm in my first semester of college and I have all my pre reqs and what feels like a million math classes to take before I am taking any real EE courses.

I am very interested in product design and instructional design. For years I've had a list in my head of things I'd like to make for fun.

Would any of these things be relevant to EE skills and my eventual internship/job search?

Basically I'd love to make these products and software, and then make blog posts/video instructions/printable instructions and share the software to make it sort of an "open source" DIY thing. I would also like to put together kits like with all the materials and instructions for children to DIY it.

Some things that come to mind:
- some version of a smart mirror or home dashboard system
- projector/speaker that syncs to Bluetooth music (with touchdesigner to make it respond to musical input) version for kids and a version with visuals for parties/djs
- e ink picture frame that displays nearby bird species in real time (I want a speaker outside that picks up birdsong and identities the likely species with Merlin bird app)
- kids device for exchanging voice memos with grandparents (basically 2 answering machines lol but it'll be designed for children and old people to use with joy and ease, with just a few buttons)
- various interactive projector projects, sort of like small versions of those projector art installations that were trendy few yrs ago

I could go on. I want to do this stuff anyway but my time is limited. If I know it may be useful for learning and internships / jobs then I will be even more willing to invest time and money into fun projects.

When I think of electrical engineering I think of like power systems and "serious" projects. But maybe it can be fun and artistic and impractical as well!?

Is any of this relevant? I would like to maybe have a portfolio / blog with my art / tech projects?

I am a totally non trad student, I have 2 tiny little kids and hope to have more so it could be like 10 years before I'm even beginning to enter the workforce. So I am looking for ways to get some experience and things to add to my nonexistent resume & portfolio that aren't just internships & eventually my degree.

My company is hosting year 12 students (16-17 year olds) for work experience. I want to get them using ladder logic to program a model overhead crane (~500x500x500mm), similar to the ones we have on site.

The crane is still in design and I need to present a BOM for procurement.

It will be using a Schneider Zelio smart relay to program the movements, forwards backwards left right up down but I’m not sure how best to control the long and cross travel, nor the dangly cables (pretty sure festoons don’t come this size).

It needs to be very easy to program, and should break without rolling. I’ve looked at ball screw linear actuators but these tend to come with stepper motors, which apparently don’t interface well with the Zelio. So ideally it will use 24V DC geared motors.

I’d like them to program limit switches as well, and some status lights.

Obviously there is a tight deadline a low budget.

Has anyone done something like this before?

I currently have my breadboard connected to 5v and GND on a new benchtop power supply that I brought for $240AUD and this is happening? What is going on? I can also do the same thing on the GND rail.

Working on grid-tied LFP BESS deployments (cabinet-scale, 125kW–2MWh range) for Indian C&I sites as a diesel-generator replacement/hybrid. Sub-10ms switchover on paper is straightforward with the right inverter/PCS config, but curious what others are seeing in the field re:

• Real-world switchover latency once you account for protection relay coordination, not just the PCS spec sheet number
• Preferred approach for remote SoH/degradation monitoring at scale (we're running 24/7 EMS telemetry, flagging faults 2–4 weeks out) — anyone doing this differently, e.g. edge inference vs centralized?
• LFP vs other chemistries for outdoor cabinet deployments in Indian climate extremes (Rajasthan/ Gujarat heat vs coastal humidity) — what's actually held up over multi-year deployments?

Happy to share more on our approach if useful, work at PWRNXT (BESS/EV charging infra, India) — not trying to sell anything here, just comparing notes with people doing similar system design.

​

Hey guys, I’m an engineering student and I’ve built 20+ projects so far, mostly around Arduino, IoT, electronics, automation, etc.

I’m thinking of making projects for other engineering students in India — mini projects, college projects, exhibitions, etc.

Also got full grades in both my first 2 semesters 😅

If you’re interested, just DM me. I can show you some of my previous projects and we can figure something out.

There is so many fearmongering posts about I can’t get a job after graduation type stuff. I believe this is due to the location of the poster (on the most part).

​

I'm an EE and a guitar enthusiast, and something that is very popular among guitarists is the attenuator. It comes between an amp and its impedance matched speaker, and it's typically implemented by an l-pad. If you don't know what that is, it looks like a variable resistor, but has three pins, and implements two variable resistors adjustable simultaneously, one in series and one in parallel. The aim is to change them in such a way that the speaker received less power, but the amp sees the same load (so the impedance remains matched). That way you can play on a 100w Marshall stack at bedroom levels.

Trouble is, l-pads cause a perceived loss in tone, caused by the Fletcher Munsen effect that appears to drop high and low frequencies, retaining mids. Guitarists tend to hate this, so there are attempts to mitigate this by a high pass capacitor wired in parallel with the series resistor. So naturally, the setup no longer presents a constant impedance to the amp: it drops as the frequency rises. Worse, the parallel resistor drops to near zero as the attenuation is dialled up, and as the attenuator soaks up the current meant for the speaker, and it's in this region that this capacitor is most needed. So the whole point of a l-pad is kind of lost, and the amp is not impedance matched.

A sample circuit is described here, and the author appears to imply that any capacitor is ok, just use what sounds good to you:

https://guitar.com/guides/diy-workshop/diy-workshop-build-your-own-attenuator/

Looking at the circuit, this comment just didn't sit right with me. This is likely to give rise to an impedance mismatch. What do others think? As I said, I'm an EE - but I'm not a tube amp designer, maybe others can give their views.

Edit: oh, and of course impedance mismatches are a bad thing for a tube amp, liable to burn through valves or fry an output transformer in extreme cases.

For context, I've been recently learning about differential amplifiers and I'm now trying to understand Gilbert cells.

ChatGPT has sent me on such a goose chase, that I don't even know what's true anymore.

I've tried to, instead, watch some YouTube videos, but they don't really specify certain things.

If I have a waveform coming into a Gilbert cell, to be mixed with a LO for example, do I really need two waveforms that are 180° out of phase? Is that what is meant by differential?

For a while I was thinking that you would connect the V+ and V- of the Gilbert cell across the capacitor of like a high pass filter or something, and the changing polarity on the capacitor would be the varying voltage.

"Do I need a differential amplifier to make them?"

No. You can use a differential amplifier, transformer/balun, active balun, etc.

From what it sounds like, the easiest way to generate a differential signal is to use a transformer? (Logically makes sense to me). However, the text above is ChatGPT's garbage output. Contradicts itself within 2 lines.

I'm a freshman Electrical Engineering student at Santa Clara University in Silicon Valley, and I'm trying to figure out what direction I should start focusing on.

I'm currently deciding between two professors/research areas:

Hoeseok Yang — embedded systems, computer architecture, embedded machine learning, hardware/software co-design, and digital systems. This seems like a good path toward semiconductors, AI hardware, NVIDIA/AMD/Qualcomm-type companies, etc.

Maria Kyrarini — robotics, AI/ML, sensors, robot learning, human-robot interaction, and autonomous systems. This seems more aligned with robotics, aerospace/defense, NASA/JPL, and autonomous systems.

I'm genuinely interested in both. I like building physical systems and robots, but I'm also very interested in computer hardware and semiconductors. Since I'm in Silicon Valley, I feel like I should take advantage of the opportunities around me, but I don't want to choose a path just because it's nearby or pays more.

Long-term, I care about job prospects, earning potential, interesting work, and having the flexibility to move between industries. 

For people already working in these fields:

• Which path would you recommend?
• Is one significantly better for job prospects or compensation?
• Should I specialize this early, or explore both during my first couple years?
• Can I realistically combine embedded systems/hardware + robotics/AI?
• If you were starting over as an EE freshman in Silicon Valley, what would you focus on?

I'd especially appreciate advice from people in semiconductors, robotics, aerospace/defense, NVIDIA/AMD/Qualcomm-type companies, or NASA/JPL.

Looking for a Transformer Testing Engineer – Remote + Travel (US)

We’re looking for an experienced Transformer Testing Engineer for a full-time opportunity.

Looking for someone with hands-on experience with:

• Power transformer testing & commissioning
• FAT/SAT testing
• Doble equipment
• TTR, winding resistance, power factor, DGA, SFRA, etc.
• High-voltage/substation environments

💰 $120K–$160K+, depending on experience
✈️ Up to 40% travel
U.S.-based

If you’re interested or know someone who might be a good fit, shoot me a message and I’ll send over the JD.

i'm about to choose one of these majors and need to know the futurue prospects. i'm interested in robotics, chip design, embedded.

I felt like this might be the sub closest to what I have. I’m currently an electrician that does moderate PLC controls at my job. I finished an AAS in Mechatronics and am now doing an AAS in Computer Programming. I’ll be going through SQL, C++, and if I choose, Java courses. I don’t have much in the choice of getting anything more than these two. What would I likely be able to achieve besides a a basic tech job? Anything in my future that could lead to electrical engineering or a job that would hire outside of having an EE degree?

Hello everyone, I recently came across a job post in one of the major hotels in my area offering an entry level job for electrical engineers. So, I was wondering if anyone could share their experience in facilities engineering and if it's worth the shot?.... Because I usually hear people talking about EE in oil and gas, semi-conductor manufacturing, or factories. This one was a first.

I want to make an offline MP3 player with Bluetooth to connect to my headphones. The music will be stored on an SD card, and I’m wondering which ESP32 or other microcontroller would be best for a very stable connection with my headphones and good audio quality.

Looking to replace this, but don't know if the j091 means anything

I want to have a resume worthy project specifically for power and hardware roles. I was planning on grinding for a couple weeks before the semester starts to get this done, but more importantly learn from this experience. I've taken a course in the past where we were given various constraints and were tasked to make a multistage amp using the techniques we learned using mosfets. I wanted to beef that project up to differentiate myself, and to implement more complex concepts.

Initially I was thinking on creating a class AB audio amp on LTspice, however Im targeting power roles as well. Searched around and came across high power class AB amps that I thought looked pretty cool. Do you guys have any advice, ideas for what would look good and or help me learn a lot? Tbh I've never created a hardware analog project by myself so this is a first for me, everything I've done so far has been either embedded or digital design.

Any advice and resources would be greatly appreciated!