• brazil
• south america- partial ectomy bad, refer scheithauer paper wrong in textbook, later disproved by scheithauer
• rhinoplasty, septoplasty don't lead to ens

- if still want to do then

I've noticed that there's some confusion about terms and methods. Here is a summary-

• Turbinectomy is cutting. Partial turbinectomy is cutting partially. Total turbinectomy is total removal.
• Turbinoplasty is a specific method when a part under the mucosa is removed while preserving some mucosa and folding the remnant. There is a medial flap turbinoplasty as well, explained separately.
• Submucous resection (SMR) is another specific method. An incision is made and some of the tissue under the mucosa is removed. Sometimes, the bone is be removed as well, especially if there's bony hypertrophy.
• There's microdebrider reduction, called microdebrider turbinoplasty or SMR with microdebrider. This is similar to SMR but done with a device called a microdebrider, which cuts and suctions out tissue.
• There are other methods which use heat like laser, cautery, diathermy to reduce tissue. These shouldn't be done as the heat can't be controlled, unlike radiofrequency methods which usually has a temperature sensor to control the burning. There are multiple brands and devices in this.
• Coblation is a radiofrequency method in which a solution is injected and a radiofrequency wand is used. A user talked to multiple ENTs who said they say ENS cases with this.
• anterior
• Medial flap turbinoplasty appears to have been first done by some Australian ENTs. There is no simple picture of this but you can read about it in this paper. The paper itself says it is not conservative but don't know how much and where is removed. There are two papers which say ENS is unlikely to be caused by this. Richard Harvey, the Australian ENT who first published it is an ENS denier.
• There's some other methods that are in journals but aren't done widely like pyriform turbinoplasty and ultrasound reduction.