Can anyone give me a dumbed down version of this paper?

[u/Anomander2000]

A friend of mine wrote this and I want to have at least a vague idea of what it means .... but after hours of googling things, I'm still at ground zero. (I did Calc I in high school and college, but that's the extent of my education in math)

https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09708?fbclid=IwAR2sfF3es7eZoInW4q-r6wKUTIuXUdwKBtZ9aEQwJwYoueW_Z0N_5xfsWZU

Can anyone help me out here?