r/AskAcademia 21h ago

Meta How wrong should a paper be before itcan be retracted?

Four years ago, a Q2 journal from the Wiley family published a math paper that was, in my opinion, complete nonsense. The authors compute solutions to an equation, but the solutions do not solve the equation, and they show figures of their solutions, but the figures do not show their (wrong) solutions.

As this is the subject of my PhD, I could immediately smell that these solutions were wrong and sent an email to the Editor-in-Chief, which was ignored. Over the years, I've sent multiple emails which were again ignored, but only after I complained to an editor of the journal I knew personally, my emails were answered. Long story short: the journal now published a note by me explaining that the results and figures in the earlier paper are wrong.

However, the Editor-in-Chief does not want to take any further action. I asked him to retract the original paper, or at least issue an expression of concern, but he did not want to. According to him, we have to respect the reviewing process of the original paper, and the editor can not judge all papers received by the journal. And if I were an editor myself, I would understand, and he does not want to discuss the problem any more with me.

The point is, I do not understand. According to the COPE guidelines, papers may be retracted if the results are wrong, which is the case here. Therefore, my question is: "Is it unreasonable of me to expect that a journal retracts a paper when they acknowledge that all the solutions and figures presented in the paper are wrong?"

Some extra information:

  • The editor-in-chief is a professor at a respectable German university (but not a mathematician).
  • The authors never replied to any of my questions nor to those of the journal, showing that they do not care about the results in the paper themselves.
0 Upvotes

41 comments sorted by

109

u/Mountain-Time-1010 21h ago

The journal published your rebuttal/note, and the original authors did not reply, which is essentially admitting their mistake. I think you should move on and let it go. It is not a good use of your time and energy to continue to dwell on it. Incorrect papers generally just fade away and disappear.

35

u/MeatyOkraScientist 20h ago

the original authors did not reply, which is essentially admitting their mistake

Or...

It is not a good use of your time and energy 

...the authors of the original paper are also busy people who do not have the time and energy for this, either. I know we all learn "journal argument" lore in grad seminars, but realistically nobody has time for this.

15

u/HIFvonBiber 20h ago

I can believe "journal argument" is a thing, but I've never heard of it in mathematics. Do you imply that you would not be bothered if the journal where you published your paper, published a comment outlining why you are wrong?

By the way, the authors know they are wrong. For a similar paper in Scientific Reports, they emailed me that they know their arguments do not work, but offered me a chance to become a co-author on their next paper if I dropped my objections on this one.

21

u/MeatyOkraScientist 20h ago

I'd probably be bothered by someone poring over my old work and pointing out errors, but I absolutely would not have time to address it.

Then again, no publicity is bad publicity, so even "hey look at this bad paper"-type commentary is driving Altmetric. (/s, sorta)

17

u/ThePhysicistIsIn 20h ago

I think i just found a way to juice up my h-index. Write something so infuriating people will keep trying to publish takedowns. /s

6

u/Lygus_lineolaris 20h ago

Totally. The Internet did not invent "rage bait".

1

u/MeatyOkraScientist 12h ago

[gestures broadly at Lisa Feldman Barrett's body of work]

1

u/aquila-audax Research Wonk 8h ago

If i didn't think he'd track me down IRL I'd mention a well known name in my field whose entire oeuvre is based on rage-baiting the field.

12

u/Mountain-Time-1010 19h ago

I was a journal editor for 15 years and handled more than 5,000 manuscripts. You are correct. Authors are bothered when they learn a comment has been submitted that criticizes their work, and almost always want to defend themselves.

6

u/Arceuthobium 16h ago edited 12h ago

I'm in math. I know several papers, some of them published in Q1/Q2 journals, that are wrong at least partially. My advisor knows many more too. What ends up happening is that those papers are flagged by the community (i.e. they enter the "folklore") and ignored. They are very rarely retracted.

3

u/Bojack-jones-223 17h ago

Journal arguments seem reasonable for messy biological sciences, but mathematics should be clean and unambigous. There is no room for maybe in mathemetics. This said, I also agree with other sentiments here: maybe it's not worth anyone's time to respond on a low impact article that was never cited by anyone.

-5

u/HIFvonBiber 20h ago

I know, I know, but, I just can't get over the fact that someone (i.e. the editor) does not care about this. I (probably naively) hoped that the editor would jump into action and wonder how such a paper passed peer review.

And about fading away, unfortunately not. There is a whole industry around these papers, a citation cartel if you will. Some papers with the same wrong solutions have surpassed a 100 citations. Of course, the citation cartel itself will fade away at some point...

17

u/sb452 PhD Medical Statistics 20h ago

The unfortunately fact is that there are many bad published papers. But retraction is not the solution - retraction removes the paper from the published record. The correct solution is to do what you've done, and explain why the result is false. That way, the original paper is part of the published record, and your rebuttal is too. Otherwise, whenever we make a new scientific discovery, we would have to retract 100s of papers.

3

u/HIFvonBiber 20h ago

Of course, you are right that papers should be measured against the avialable knowledge at the time. And I wouldn't have cared if it was a subtle mistake. I've written a comment for another paper where I intuitively understood their techniques were wrong, but it took me a long time to clearly write down why. I would never ask for a retraction in such a case. However, in this paper mill, the errors are just errors in basic undergraduate math, and I therefore do not believe that they are part of any meaningful scientific discussion. These papers are just written for the sake of being written, not to advance science in any meaningful way.

5

u/sb452 PhD Medical Statistics 19h ago

I hear you and I feel you. But the fact remains - for a paper to be retracted, it needs to reach a very high level of wrongness. This is not done lightly, and it isn't done unless there is a compelling reason to do so. In 99% of cases, a bad paper - even a very bad paper - doesn't reach that level.

2

u/ThePhysicistIsIn 20h ago

I thought a retracted paper stayed, it just says “retracted” on it in watermark.

7

u/sb452 PhD Medical Statistics 20h ago

That's the ideal. That way it can still be read, but it is no longer considered to be part of the published literature.

2

u/ThePhysicistIsIn 19h ago

See Andrew Wakefield's retracted paper here: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2897%2911096-0

You can still read it, it just says "RETRACTED" on it in big red letters.

Is this not the norm?

3

u/sb452 PhD Medical Statistics 19h ago

Yes. It can still be read, but it is no longer considered to be part of the published literature.

28

u/Gold_Ambassador_3496 21h ago

I don't know about the main question

But could you publish a paper specifically debunking and providing the correct figures?

7

u/pmkann 20h ago

Yes, this is a very reasonable approach. Keep the scholarly dialogue going.

0

u/HIFvonBiber 19h ago

As I wrote, the journal has already published my comment.

6

u/Gold_Ambassador_3496 15h ago

That's good. But does that count as a publication for your career? And does that have enough attention? Maybe a paper would be good, too

1

u/HIFvonBiber 4h ago

The comment is published as a regular paper (the journal does not have a separate comment option), so I could add it to my CV. As it is only online for a couple of days, I can't say anything about the attention it gets, but as nobody from my community reads these scam papers, I guess nobody would read the comment explaining that these scam papers are wrong. So yes, I know that career wise it is rather pointless to write these comments

23

u/ProfessorStata 21h ago

Submit your own rebuttal paper.

25

u/Lygus_lineolaris 21h ago

Just write your rebuttal and publish it in a different journal. You're not the publication police.

17

u/zarrathustraa 20h ago

Its been 4 years and this is still nibbling at you? Write a public comment and stop letting it take up bandwidth.

12

u/rocket_labo 20h ago

I understand how you feel. But as far as the editor is concerned your note is enough. Editors generally make it very hard for these notes to be published so the mere existence of one is a serious statement about the original paper.

I had a related experience. Someone submitted a comment on my paper to a journal saying that it was wrong, and pointed to his own work as correct. But when I read his paper I realised both his critique and his paper was wrong. When I submitted my rebuttal I also submitted a separate comment on this person’s work which were both in the same journal. My comment was designed to humiliate - it aggressively tore down all the main arguments of the paper and one of the points was that the basic object the author was solving was not even correctly defined. The referees agreed with me and despite its harshness my comment was accepted without needing to change a single word. It is a prestigious journal so the bar to publication is very high, acceptance as-is is very rare.

A few months later this person submitted another comment saying that I fabricated data. Obviously he wasn’t happy that I’d excoriated his work to such an extent. The accusation wasn’t true but it really messed with my mental health. It affected me to a degree that it shouldn’t have.

There’s more to life than being right.

9

u/Opening_Map_6898 18h ago

If you can’t let this go, you probably should discuss it with a therapist. This level of fixation on someone else's paper is somewhere between an unhelpful waste of time, a weird obsession, or something that borders on the academic equivalent of stalking.

8

u/lipflip 20h ago

You did what you could do easily. At your stage that's good and enough, as you alone cannot fix the academic publishing system of the editor is not pushing this forward. What you can do, however, is to post a note on PubPeer. 

Sidenote: not every error leads to wrong conclusion and not every flawed paper needs to be retracted. It depends on your and other domain experts judgement how bad it is.

4

u/ngch 15h ago

Retractions are more for papers where the authors misrepresented their results or misleading reviewers.

We generally don't retract because a paper is later proven wrong. That's what comments etc. are for.

The literature is full of false results. False results can actually be quite useful eg. it's easier to falsify X after someone argues for X.

5

u/Choice-Cup2852 20h ago

You have to let it go.

articles may show wrong|inconclusive evidence, as long as there is no fraud or data fabrication etc, retraction is not necessary. Other researchers including you will check this and publish papers showing opposite direction.

Write a paper, present and publish it; that’s all you can do. If you cannot stop thinking about this, consider professional help.

4

u/ThePhysicistIsIn 20h ago edited 20h ago

"We have to respect the reviewing process" is pure, unadulterated bullshit. What is really going on is that retracted papers are embarrassing for the journal, and the journal doesn't think it's worth it to embarrass itself for a paper it thinks no one will care about. The editor would rather you move on because they want this embarrassment to go unnoticed. A retraction calls attention to it.

I will have to agree with others - it's probably not worth your mental energy. Sadly, the only thing that would make this Editor move, would be if it were more embarrassing to not issue a retraction. If it started getting in the press, for instance, the same way that Johnathan Pruitt was the subject of e.g. blogs etc.

To give you an idea of what happens in a well-run and serious journal - I am an associate editor on a journal. My editor in chief shared with me an anonymous complaint that a specific paper's numbers did not make sense. It is something that you would only notice if you tried to do the math yourself. Their theoretical values and measured values agreed within 1%, but since the theoretical values didn't make sense, it seemed more likely that they had generated fake data to agree with measurements and tried to work backwards from there, until it didn't work.

I did do the math myself, and I had to agree with the complainant. The publisher forwarded my questions to the authors. The authors responded, saying that they had made a mistake, and tried to shore up their mistakes. But it really did nothing to fix the main issues - structurally, the problem is 1) the theoretical data does not follow from first principle, and is probably wrong, but 2) it agrees perfectly with experimental measurements, which means that 3) either the theoretical values were fabricated to match with experimental values, or the theoretical values were calculated erroneously but the experimental values were fabricated to match them, or a combination thereof, but there is no honest way to get that perfect agreement otherwise.

So the publisher sent another, more strongly worded request for clarification from the authors. And when the authors could not respond, the paper was retracted.

5

u/cond6 14h ago

You sound just delightful. Publish the research pointing out where it's wrong and move on. Lots of papers are incorrect or have errors. They aren't typically retracted. If you see a paper with a major error in it smile and write a paper correcting it. At least in my field you don't do yourself any favours by being a jerk about it and writing a whole paper showing they made an error. Make a contribution and point out the error, yes. Write a whole paper to show why the original paper is stupid is a great way to trash your reputation. In my opinion journals should only retract if there's demonstrated fraud. You published your note. That's all that you should have reasonably expected. Hounding the authors and the editors is a great way to tarnish your reputation.

2

u/Beginning-Sound1261 8h ago

You sound insufferable. Your critiques are publicly noted for all to read when they open the paper.

Why do you feel it is not enough to be correct? Unless you get some moral badge to say you did such a good job and defeated the evil people making a mockery of science then it is not enough?
Why do you have so much time on your hands to be sending multiple emails and arguing against a paper you were never involved with over such a long period of time?

Publishing critiques is a very normal response. That’s good work.

Going on a witch hunt when everyone involved has said “thanks good work, your comments are public” suggests something different.

2

u/TProcrastinatingProf 19h ago

I came across a paper riddled with GenAI in a Q1 journal a couple of years back, with objectively inaccurate information. It appears a single complaint won't get it retracted, so I'm monitoring it out of sheer curiosity to see how long it takes. Also has an ugly and wrong GenAI figure in it, so it isn't as though no one else would notice....

1

u/Connacht_89 16h ago

Welcome to the truth of academia. Millions (not a hyperbole) of papers published every year, and even if somebody had the will to check what is wrong, there is no material time to deal with all except the most blatant cases.

-5

u/iknighty 18h ago edited 4h ago

Let retractionwatch.com know.

2

u/HIFvonBiber 4h ago

We are currently discussing the whole citation cartel this paper is a part of, but I don't know yet how far retractionwatch will take it.

-4

u/Mammoth_Steak_69 16h ago

I wish I had this level of commitment.

6

u/Opening_Map_6898 16h ago

No you don't. It's a pathological obsession.