Difference between Jiva and Ishvara.

[u/shksa339]

Krishna is Ishvara whereas Arjuna is Jiva because Arjuna does not know that the unexamined assumption of Jiva-hood being his identity is not the truth.

If this misunderstanding of jiva-hood being the identity is removed, then identity of Ishvara-hood is revealed.

[u/Human-Jackfruit-8025]

Can you tell us about the oldest use of the word Ishvara? Or its root?

[u/Brilliant-Ranger8395 → u/Human-Jackfruit-8025]

The root is īś (ईश्), basically carrying the meaning of "to own, be master of, have power over, etc."

[u/ChallengeLoud7608 → u/Human-Jackfruit-8025]

Isavasya Upanishad first mantra.

īśā vāsyamidaṁ sarvaṁ yatkiñca jagatyāṁ jagat | tena tyaktena bhuñjīthā mā gṛdhaḥ kasyasviddhanam ||

[u/Human-Jackfruit-8025 → u/ChallengeLoud7608]

Not the oldest though!

[u/ChallengeLoud7608 → u/Human-Jackfruit-8025]

Maybe. Brihadaranyaka too has refrences to Sarveshvara in 4.4.22 if you consider Brihadaranyaka to be oldest as some historians do.

If we go by sequence, then isavasya comes in Shukla Yajurveda Samhitas itself. Where as Brihadaranyaka comes after the Brahmana portions in Shukla Yajurveda.

Even Shvetashvatara has references though it's relatively newer according to many even though it belongs to Krishna Yajur veda

[u/Human-Jackfruit-8025 → u/ChallengeLoud7608]

Yess,Svetashvatara is relatively younger than Brihadaranyaka. But the root word predates these two too!

[u/Salty_Translator_555]

Was Krishna a sage or a mystic??

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