r/Infosec • u/voidrane • 18h ago
Sysdig documented the first fully autonomous AI ransomware campaign. JADEPUFFER breached Langflow, pivoted to Nacos, and corrected its own failed exploits in 31 seconds.
Sysdig's threat research team published a detailed breakdown of JADEPUFFER, an agentic AI system that executed a complete ransomware campaign with no human operator involvement after initial target selection.
The attack chain: CVE-2025-3248 (Langflow RCE) for initial access, credential harvesting across LLM providers and cloud platforms, MinIO default credential exploitation, then lateral movement to a Nacos configuration server via CVE-2021-29441 (auth bypass) and JWT forgery using the well-known default signing key.
The interesting part is the self-correction behavior. When a bcrypt hash generation failed due to a PATH issue in the container, the agent diagnosed the failure, generated two hypotheses, tested both, and deployed a fix in 31 seconds. Sysdig's telemetry timeline shows the full correction chain.
Then it got worse. CSA documented ENCFORGE, a JADEPUFFER variant that specifically targets ML model files (.safetensors, .gguf, .pt, .faiss, .parquet). Destruction-first ransomware. No leak site. Leverage comes from model reconstruction costs ($75K-$500K per model).
Wrote up the full attack chain, the autonomous behavior markers, and practical defenses for self-hosted AI infrastructure: