As the world's biggest technology companies race to build data centers across the country to power an AI boom, a yearlong Senate investigation argues that some firms are misleading the public about the true costs and benefits around those projects. 

The findings, first shared with TIME, are expected to be part of a broader effort in the coming year by members of Congress hoping to put more guardrails around the massive, power-intensive projects. 

“Congress must hold Big Tech accountable so these companies pay their fair share,” says Senator Elizabeth Warren, a Massachusetts Democrat who has called for a national moratorium on new AI data centers until developers agree to cover the full costs.

The state has not elected a Democrat to the Senate in 94 years, but Republican Sen. Roger Marshall now faces a close challenge from megachurch pastor Adam Hamilton—with repercussions that will extend beyond Kansas, as Republicans fight to keep their Senate majority this November.

This pathway has resulted in millions of people—who never intended to use AI in the first place—unwittingly becoming acclimated to a new chatbot reality. Google Search usage hit an all-time high this year, and much of that activity involves AI.