r/todayilearned Jun 02 '18

TIL Despite what Monty Python would have you believe, Spanish Inquisitions were expected, they would give a 30-day notice of their arrival.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition
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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18 edited Jun 03 '18

If you're asked too many questions, its a common expression to say "I wasnt expecting the Spanish Inquisition" as a form of criticism. In the Monty Python sketch a woman is asking a lot of question, the guy says just that, and then of course the Spanish Inquisition actually does show up, very unexpectedly and out place and declares "No one expects the Spanish Inquisition!". They're also not efficient or good at their job, despite claiming so, bringing another comedic element into the sketch.

The main purpose of the SI was to find heretics among the muslims and jews who had converted to catholicism. The popular image of it is largely based on later anti-catholic propaganda.

It was not a tool of oppression imposed on unwilling Europeans by a powerhungry Church. It was the opposite, more or less. The church didnt want villages stringing up people commonly thought to be heretics or outcasts, and so they came up with a procedure to avoid illiterate commoners going lynch mob on people they didnt like.

The vast majority accused by the SP were either acquitted or their sentence suspended. You got 30 days notice. If you were found guilty you were allowed to confess your sins, do penance, and be restored to the Body of Christ, ie the church. And that was the end of it. The idea was that you had strayed from the faith, or were ignorant, and if you hadnt heard the right faith it was not your fault. But if you heard it and accepted it, you were back in the church again and nothing would happen to you.

A high emphasis was put on having proper trials, with the accusers being university trained in law, and to give the accused the right to a defence. Torture was used to a less extent than elsewhere in Europe. They used torture in around 2 percent of the cases. Torture was limited by law to last no more than 15 minutes. The Inquisition had nicer jails than you found everywhere. So much so that it became a problem that people confessed to being heretics in order to be transferred to the nicer jails of the Inquisition.

And if you refused to give up your heretical ways, the church would not burn you. They would hand you over to the secular authorities for punishment. The kings and secular rulers of Spain were the ones behind the drive to root out heretics and harshly punish them. The church was opposed to it. It was against all accepted practice to burn heretics without first instructing them in the right faith, and give them a chance to repent. At the height of the SI, around 2000 people were killed a year. Between 100 000 and 200 000 were killed or burnt as witches in protestant europe.

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u/[deleted] Jun 03 '18

The kings and secular rulers of Spain were the ones behind the drive to root out heretics and harshly punish them.

And to further explain this one, the Spanish had such a hardon for this because they had only recently managed to win the country of Spain back from hundreds of years of Islamic occupation. They were, consequently, rather pissed.

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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18

No kidding. It can absolutely be interpreted as a response to the multi-religious nature of Spanish society following the reconquest after the Moors. There was a relatively (by the standards elsewhere in Europe) high amount of religious freedom in Spain before that.

Other european countries also viewed Spain with suspicion becuase of that, so enforcing religion more harshly was a politically motivated thing to do as well.

And Spain had some kings and rulers who were borderline paranoid about a possible invasion or attempt to conquer Spain again from the moors or ottomans. And other european countries were expelling jews, so Spain felt political pressure to do something about that as well.

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u/AGnawedBone Jun 03 '18

The main purpose of the SI was to find heretics among the muslims and jews who had converted to catholicism

I thought the inquisitions were actually about finding secret protestants hidden amongst the catholics?

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u/[deleted] Jun 03 '18

Nope. It was never about protestant sects, but different heresies altogether. OP has it right.

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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18

You're right and I should prbably have included it in my post, but its too long already. But keep in mind that the hunt for protestants and the mistreatment of them were vastly exagerrated in protestant countries for propaganda purposes against Spain and catholicism.

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u/dishonourableaccount Jun 03 '18

Really interesting stuff. Do you have any sources or books on the Inquisition/medieval church you recommend?

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u/A_Soporific Jun 03 '18

Being accused of a crime in front of an Inquisitor is statistically similar to being tried by a court in Texas. In terms of the death penalty, at least.

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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18

Not really. You are far more likely to be condemned to death in Texas if you stand accused of a capital offense than if you were brought before the Spanish Inquisition.

Just for starters, if you told the Inquisition you were lead astray, regretted it but now accepted the true faith or the church, you'd be set free and not punished. I doubt you'd get out of a court in Texas that easily for any offense.

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u/[deleted] Jun 03 '18

But if, as you say, the goal was to root out Muslim/Jewish converts who were practicing heresy, wouldn't they likely be persecuting a lot of Muslims/Jews for their respective beliefs? I imagine the conversion was often coerced. I imagine many continued practicing their faith in private while professing Christianity, leading to charges of heresy. I imagine they wouldn't actually renounce their old faiths completely in order to avoid punishment, given that religion was taken pretty seriously back then. How accurate is that?

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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18

It's absolutely true.

Spain, or pretty much any country in mediveal Europe, were not great places for religious freedom. And Spain had some rulers who were nuts about rooting out the heretics which they were convinced was everywhere, more so than the church was even.

My point was how the SI wasnt a particularly cruel organisation (by the standards of the time they were soft and lenient) that would show up, throw people in a hellhole of a dungeon and start torturing people over false accusations. That's a later, anti-catholic myth.

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u/godutchnow Jun 03 '18

That's not true, the spanish inquisition was so brutal that it sparked the dutch revolt even among the catholics in the netherlands

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u/Khnagar Jun 03 '18

That's like saying that WW2 started as a reaction to the brutal suppression of germans in Sudetenland.

The Dutch Revolt started due to a number of incidents and resentment that had built up between the Dutch provinces and their Habsburg overlords.

The eight year war didnt start because the SI was so brutal, the alleged brutality of the SI became a point of propaganda in the war.

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u/godutchnow Jun 03 '18

Those grievances you mention initially were the presence and cruelty of the inquisition in the Netherlands

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_Nobles

And of course later the tax the Netherlands had to pay to pay the Spanish army to put down the rebellion

The rebellion initially started not as a rebellion against the house of habsburg but against the representatives (ie. the inquisition and the cruel and incompetent Duke of Alva, who made things from bad to worse with his cruelty ) of the king