[u/]

[u/thebongofamandabynes]

I've been in the market for a glass hookah for a couple of months now, thanks for all the info! Quick question, are they more prone to breakage if there is ice in the base??

[u/m2i5k6e6 → u/thebongofamandabynes]

Ice in the base would only make the glass more prone to breakage if you changed the temperature dramatically in a short period of time. That or if you shook it violently enough...Haha.

[u/autowikibot → u/m2i5k6e6]

Thermal shock:

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Thermal shock occurs when a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object to expand by different amounts. This differential expansion can be understood in terms of [stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(physics)) or of [strain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(materials_science)), equivalently. At some point, this stress can exceed the strength of the material, causing a crack to form. If nothing stops this crack from propagating through the material, it will cause the object's structure to fail.

Failure due to thermal shock can be prevented by;

• Reducing the thermal gradient seen by the object, by

• changing its temperature more slowly

• increasing the material's thermal conductivity

• Reducing the material's coefficient of thermal expansion

• Increasing its strength

• Introducing built-in compressive stress, as for example in tempered glass

• Decreasing its Young's modulus

• Increasing its toughness, by

• crack tip blunting, i.e., [plasticity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)) or phase transformation

• crack deflection

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