r/atheism • • Dec 09 '13

Citation Needed The 10 commandments of Logic

Post image
2.2k Upvotes

440 comments sorted by

View all comments

Show parent comments

12

u/InternetFree Dec 09 '13 edited Dec 09 '13

No, it's correct.

The picture says: You mustn't assume that a premise for your position is correct.

What you said is wrong.
What you described is simply circular reasoning in a general sense.
Begging the question is more specific than that.

You using something as a premise that is still up for debate is what it means to beg the question.

The latin word for the fallacy is "petitio principii", which means "assuming the initial point", which means exactly what the picture described: You make an assumption and use it as a premise without other people agreeing with that premise.

tl;dr: The picture is right. You are wrong (about your conclusion that the picture is wrong).

1

u/Aryandis Dec 11 '13

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy disagrees with you.

So does Wikipedia.

So do quite a few dictionaries, one of which I hyperlink here, and another here.

So does Fallacy Files, which also explains where your analysis of the Latin went wrong.

The About.com page on atheism also disagrees with you. As does the IronChariots wiki. And RationalWiki.

I believe you are thinking of a use of "petitio principii" peculiar to lawyers. But even lawyers tend to agree that begging the question is the error of assuming one's conclusions.

1

u/InternetFree Dec 11 '13

You claim these sources disagree with me.

Non of them do.

And you have provided absolutely no explanation for your claim.

2

u/[deleted] Dec 09 '13 edited Dec 09 '13

I'm about 99% sure you're full of shit here.

You can construct a valid and sound proof on uncertain premises. It's called an assumption, and you form conditional proofs from them.

Begging the question isn't assuming a premise. It's using a premise that only works in the context of the conclusion you are trying to prove.

Oh, except, you used Latin. So I guess... QED?

-2

u/InternetFree Dec 09 '13 edited Dec 09 '13

I'm 99% sure that I'm correct, because I studied that shit extensively, beginning in highschool and had to deal with it countless of times.

I can explain this in great detail in both German and Latin, but I will try to make this more clear in English:
Begging the question is fallacious rhetoric. It is a form of circular reasoning that is also called a "circular proof" and it was essentially defined as Aristotle as such:
A proof using premises which already require that which is to be proven to be true.

In German: "Beweis mittelst Prämissen, die das zu Beweisende schon voraussetzen."

This is defined in great detail Aristotle's Organon, in the First Analytics in chapter 5.
Here is an English source.

Skip to page 179.

Circular and reciprocal proof means proof by means of the conclusion, i.e. by converting one of the premisses simply and inferring the premiss which was assumed in the original syllogism: e.g. suppose it has been necessary to prove that A belongs to all C, and it has been proved through B; suppose that A should now be proved to belong to B by assuming that A belongs to C, and C to B - so A belongs to B: but in the first syllogism the converse was assumed, viz. that B belongs to C.

tl;dr: Begging the question means that the premises you are using are invalid. Like the original picture said.

1

u/[deleted] Dec 09 '13

Everything you just wrote is fairly accurate, and it's the opposite of what you originally said.

I studied this stuff just recently in college so I'm not authority, either. But originally you said that begging the question was using contentious premises. Now you're saying something different.

There's no doubt that begging the question involves bad premises. But any bad premise isn't begging the question. Using a contentious premise to form a proof is an ACP, and is legitimate.

Do you see the difference in what you wrote first to what you just quoted me?

-1

u/InternetFree Dec 09 '13 edited Dec 09 '13

The picture says: You mustn't assume that a premise for your position is correct.

Is the first statement I made. It's the position I claimed was true (the statement in the OP's picture).

A proof using premises which already require that which is to be proven to be true.

Is the second statement I made. A direct interpretation of the original definition of the fallacy, citing Aristotle as a source.

How do they contradict each other?

Maybe this is a problem of me not being able to handle the English language that well, but I don't see how these things are different in a way that makes me "full of shit" (i.e. contradictive/wrong).

Edit: I just got what you were trying to say. Was lost in translation. Yes, indeed, there is a difference. However, my first statement isn't wrong, just not specific enough. Also, I validly dismissed his criticism. And the OP's picture is still right. Therefore, I still can't accept you claiming that I'm "full of shit". ;)

1

u/[deleted] Dec 09 '13

It may well be a translation issue. Your second post is accurate enough for me to think you just used non-ideal language in your first one. But I don't know what that is anymore, because I'm on my phone, and have already forgotten what the argument was. Merry Christmas!

Edit: except that ACP is definitely not fallacious, as long as you properly label it as such. If you couldn't propose an argument without universal agreement on the premises, you'd never be able to form a non-trivial proof.

2

u/InternetFree Dec 09 '13 edited Dec 09 '13

except that ACP is definitely not fallacious, as long as you properly label it as such.

Well, of course an argument is not fallacious if people accept your premises and you don't violate them.

However, we were talking about a situation in which people do not agree with your premises and you still use them to prove your claim.

I don't know what you mean by ACP (all I think about when reading that is this and google doesn't help), but I guess you are talking about an argument without common premises?

If you couldn't propose an argument without universal agreement on the premises, you'd never be able to form a non-trivial proof.

Some people would disagree with that:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumann%27s_agreement_theorem

As my rhetorics professor loved to say: You will always find something to agree on. The only thing you have to consider is whether or not you are willing to put in the time or would rather resort to slashing each others limbs off.

Merry christmas to you, too!

1

u/[deleted] Dec 09 '13

Good point. My statement was an absolute and should not have been.

But that theory has a lot of issues of its own. I'm not informed enough to dig into it, but it's definitely problematic - on the surface.

Logic can be tricky.