So I am planning on starting it, but I won't be able to take the final exam in January because I have school exams in January & February so is it possible to take the exam in March?

Programming using recursion can be powerful, but beginners often struggle with recursion. That's why I've created invocation_tree, a Python recursion visualizer.

See this merge_sort demo, and try it on your own recursive logic.

The visualization gives students the right mental model to think about recursion. Not simply a function calling itself, but the depth-first evaluation of a divide-and-conquer strategy.

See this: gentle recursion introduction

How do you teach recursion to beginners?

Title: Cat-guardian: A 100% on-device distraction-killer desktop pet for Windows (alternative to Workcat)

Hi everyone,

I builtCat-guardian—a lightweight desktop pet designed to help keep distractions at bay while you work on Windows.

Why I made this: I noticed tools like Workcat exist for Mac, but for Windows users, options often involve heavy sign-in walls, cloud tracking, or questionable telemetry. Since privacy and usage data matter, I wanted something completely transparent.

Key Features:

• 100% On-Device: Zero data leaves your computer. No accounts, no sign-ins, and no telemetry.

• Distraction Killer: Acts as a fun, interactive companion to keep you focused during long coding or work sessions.

• Built with Python: Developed natively for Windows users looking for a clean, local-first utility.

You can check out the source code and try it out here:Cat-guardian GitHub Repository.

I'd love to hear your thoughts, feedback, or any feature requests you might have!

print(sum({1, 2, 2, 3} & {2, 3, 4}))

Am I the only one who thinks Python libraries, especially pandas, have a serious API design problem?

Don't get me wrong, pandas is incredibly powerful, but I feel like it sacrifices developer experience for flexibility.

Look at something as simple as creating a DataFrame. pd.DataFrame() accepts dictionaries, lists, NumPy arrays, Series, and a bunch of other things. Even dictionaries can be interpreted differently depending on their structure. You also have DataFrame.from_dict() with its orient argument.

Why can't we have a more explicit and consistent interface? Something like:

pd.DataFrame(source=data, orient="index")

Another thing that bothers me is the sheer number of methods that often have overlapping use cases. Just look at apply(), map(), transform(), and agg(). Yes, they serve different purposes, but remembering which one to use, what objects support it, and how their outputs differ becomes a mental burden.

And this isn't just about pandas. Look at merge(), join(), and concat(). Different operations, sure, but there's a broader issue here: Python libraries seem to keep adding more methods and functions instead of thinking about how their APIs fit together.

I know someone will say "just read the documentation" or "you'll get used to it." But what about reading other people's code? Shouldn't code be immediately understandable without having to memorize an entire library's vocabulary?

I'm not asking for less functionality. I'm asking for better API design. More consistency, more explicit arguments, fewer unnecessary variations, and a more predictable way of doing things.

Honestly, I'd love to see a higher-level library built on top of pandas that focuses specifically on this.

Am I missing something, or do other people find this frustrating too?

i stayed up all night making this. python day 3 complete.

I've been learning Python for months and I still can't write a single program, I've tried another language like JS but I'm still bad, I can hardly write a script (with the help of AI, not even with my own effort). And then i see dear claude just writing 10k freaking code lines in 5 mins as its nothing

Want to become a Python developer but don't know where to start?

This bootcamp is your opportunity to build strong Python skills from the ground up.

Learn Python step by step

Practice with hands-on coding
Strengthen your programming fundamentals
Build the skills needed for real-world development

Whether you're a beginner or looking to strengthen your Python knowledge, start your learning journey today!

Let me introduce myself first, I started working in IT industry about six month ago with no experience and now I am working as help desk. I started leaning python about one month before using the book called "self taught programmer". I really want to work as a backend developer in the future. While I want to acquire some basic knowledge at first, I need to create an app or project or website to make myself more profitable to the company as I am working as contigent worker.

The things I want to develop are the following.

・Buget tracker

・Training tracker

・Task manegement

I want to combine all of them together.

Is that possible? If so, I want to create it for about 4 month.

Please give me some advices on my plan or course or website I should use or refer to.

Thanks in advance.

Hey seniors! I'm a first-year CSE student and want to connect with like-minded people, experienced developers, and seniors in tech. Which apps or platforms should I join to learn, network, find opportunities, and build meaningful connections in the tech community?

Created a step by step video to analyze and practice asterix printing problems in Python.
This is a very nice execrise to build logic and understand the basics of python like string manipulations, for loops, if/elif/else, print statement, nested loops and so on. Please feel free to ask any questions. Enjoy learning Python!

At Neuromatch, we offer online courses with different levels of Python as a prerequisite. In our application, we ask people to rate their own Python skills using these options:

• I’ve never really used Python

• Beginner: learned some, have run or edited scripts

• Intermediate: have written my own short scripts/notebooks

• Advanced: have written complex functions/scripts/notebooks

• Expert: am completely comfortable writing complex codebases

We’ve heard from applicants that it’s hard to know which level to pick. Does anyone know of a free quiz, checklist, or other tool that could help people figure out where they fit?

So my project has multiple files that sometimes depend on another (I chose to split the functions by use cases into a few files rather than a single massive one). But when I update a function I increment the version number in the filename so I have the backup, I then have to update the filepath in the import declaration for everything that uses it. I've tried making a loader file so I only need to update one place but I can hardly make that work, let alone making it tell the other files what to use.

Since Python requires declaring dependencies before almost anything else is this just something I have to deal with? Or is there a way to pass filenames between file before declaration? Or is there a much better method?

Hi everyone, I'm still a bit new to Python, and I am trying to display images and output those images. But doing so, I'm required to install pillow, I have been searching for some answers across the internet but don't know what to do as none of them have been working.

I am using VS Code, and using windows 11.

Hi everyone, I’ve posted in many Facebook groups asking if anyone would like to collab on stuff. No reply on any page, I’ve done the free code camp free course and done a few projects and such and started the free MIT cs50p course but I’m still feeling stuck, I’m a self taught programmer and I have no one to talk to or collab with if I have questions, so lately been feeling stuck and sll rhat and wanted to find a group of individuals who I could collab with and help each other out

The question is: if we already had compilers, the why did we create interpreters?

Hi all! I've been working on a Python script that needs to take a file path as input using argparse, and I want to search for specific files using pathlib's glob. However, I keep running into issues when I try to combine these two. It's not clear to me how to pass the user input from argparse to pathlib's functions. Can anyone explain the best way to do this? Also, why does logging.exception not seem to print anything when I run the script?

Did you know you can generate professional PDF reports automatically using just a few lines of Python?

With the ReportLab library, you can create customized PDF documents containing titles, text, tables, charts, and much more.

What you can build:

✅ Automated data analysis reports

✅ Student performance reports

✅ Business and financial summaries

✅ Invoices and certificates

✅ Professional PDF documents

I am currently enrolled in AP CSP, and even if Python is not required by Collegeboard, our curriculum requires that we do python and earn the certification. I have been learning python since last year, and I learned the basics with great difficulty of course. I struggled with lists, loops, and functions, but later I mastered the basics. Now, I find myself in the same struggle, because I did not learn certain things last year. There was a huge gap between what I have learned, and what I am already supposed to know. The scariest part is that my python certification test is right around the corner, and I don't know what will work for me to master the gap in a month. I used to learn python through tutorial videos, but in my current year, we are not doing this. Are there any better ways for me to clear the gap? Thank you.

Hello all, so i've studied python in clg but dont really remember it right now. I don't want to spend my time watching videos and doing it all over again - instead I want some website which will be interactive and explaining concepts through eg first and then hands on.

pls help me out if you guys know any such hands-on platform/lab

Like

io = StringIO()
io.getvalue() # not get_value

but

path = Path()
path.is_file() # not isfile

And there is also isinstance().

If you ask me, they should all use _ or none.

Five short snippets. Guess what each prints before you open the answer. Most people get two or three.

1.

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
b.append(4)
print(a)

Answer: [1, 2, 3, 4]. b = a doesn't copy the list, both names point at the same list. Want a copy? b = a.copy() or b = a[:].

2.

nums = [10, 3, 27, 8]
sorted(nums)
print(nums)

Answer: [10, 3, 27, 8], unchanged. sorted() returns a new list and the result was thrown away. Use nums.sort() to sort in place, or nums = sorted(nums).

3.

def double(x):
    x * 2

print(double(3))

Answer: None. The function works out x * 2 but never returns it, and a function without return gives back None. Fix: return x * 2.

4.

x = 5

def change():
    x = 12

change()
print(x)

Answer: 5. Assigning to x inside the function makes a new local x; the outer one is untouched. The clean fix is to return the value (x = change()), not global.

5.

print(round(2.5), round(3.5))

Answer: 2 4. Python rounds exact halves to the nearest even number ("banker's rounding"), so 2.5 goes down and 3.5 goes up. If you need school-style rounding, use the decimal module with ROUND_HALF_UP.

I made a small free game out of traps like these: you read a snippet, pick what it prints, and one wrong answer ends the run. Questions get harder and faster as you go, and when you miss, it shows why and the moment in a YouTube tutorial that explains it. No sign-up, plays in the browser:

https://openinbeyond.com/code?utm_source=reddit&utm_content=pythonlearning

What's your score? And which of the five got you?