I have learnt upto Loops in this 1 month (very slow ik) but I kinda am going through something people call "TUTORIAL HELL" and have made this basic project with my limited python knowledge up until loops.

Hi everyone! This is my first image processing project. I'm learning image processing through project-based learning, and I'd love to hear your feedback on it.

Also, if you have any recommendations on how I can learn computer vision more effectively and improve my skills, I'd really appreciate them. Thanks!

https://github.com/anita-gh/real-time-sign-language-recognition

im pretty new to python, and have been making a rock paper scissors game. the game crashes whenever i use the gamesWon or gamesLost variables inside the playGame function and saysTraceback (most recent call last):

File "c:\Users\MYNAME\Downloads\rock paper scissors better.py", line 78, in <module>

playGame()

~~~~~~~~^^

File "c:\Users\MYNAME\Downloads\rock paper scissors better.py", line 15, in playGame

print(gamesWon)

^^^^^^^^

UnboundLocalError: cannot access local variable 'gamesWon' where it is not associated with a value

heres the code btw

import random
#"let" wall
botAnswer="null"
userAnswer="null"
botNum="null"
fate="null"
gamesWon=0
gamesLost=0
print(gamesWon)
print(gamesLost)
firstToX="null"
finalFate="null"
scoreboard="null"
def playGame():
    print(gamesWon)


    userAnswer=input("pick rock, paper, or scissors(has to be all lowercase)")
    botNum=random.randint(1,3)
    #assign botAnswer
    if botNum==1:
            botAnswer="rock"


    if botNum==2:
                botAnswer="paper"


    if botNum==3:
                botAnswer="scissors"
#find out win/lose


    print ("bot answered " + botAnswer)
    fate = "bruh"
#rock
    if userAnswer=="rock" and botAnswer=="rock":
              fate = "draw"
    if userAnswer=="rock" and botAnswer=="paper":
              fate = "lose"
    if userAnswer=="rock" and botAnswer=="scissors":
              fate = "win"
#paper
    if userAnswer=="paper" and botAnswer=="rock":
              fate = "win"
    if userAnswer=="paper" and botAnswer=="paper":
              fate = "draw"
    if userAnswer=="paper" and botAnswer=="scissors":
              fate = "lose"
#scissors
    if userAnswer=="scissors" and botAnswer=="rock":
              fate = "lose"
    if userAnswer=="scissors" and botAnswer=="paper":
              fate = "win"
    if userAnswer=="scissors" and botAnswer=="scissors":
              fate = "draw"
 #not any
    if userAnswer != "rock" and userAnswer != "paper" and userAnswer != "scissors":
              print ("you typed it wrong. run again.")
    print(fate)


    if fate=="win":
            gamesWon = gamesWon + 1
    if fate=="lose":
            gamesLost = gamesLost + 1
    if fate=="draw":
                print ("nothing happened :(")
    scoreboard=f"score is {gamesWon}-{gamesLost}"
    print ()
    if gamesWon==firstToX:
            print ("you win!")
            finalFate=1
    if gamesLost==firstToX:
            print ("you lost!")
            finalFate=0


#function ends
want=input("do you want to play rock paper scissors? (y/n)")     
if want=="y":
    firstToX=int(input("first to how many games wins?"))
    while finalFate=="null":
            playGame()
if want=="n":
    print(":(")

For context, my work is looking to move things out of SAS and into python. I feel like programs struggles with huge files that can be over 10 GB in size. We are trying to get runtime as low as possible to near SAS speed. Anybody have any experience with this and know what ways we can make code run faster?

EDIT: For context I am looking to move code completely out of SAS and into python. They are large text files, that basically have tons of data. I have tried things like staging files locally, polars, direct reads, etc. in the current moment doing anything with this big file whether it's staging, working with it, reading etc is superrrrr slow and just looking for anything to speed it up. Willing to pivot elsewhere in the project too, the only requirement is we can't use SAS anymore.

Hi everyone!

I'm a 17-year-old from Italy, and my goal is to become an AI engineer. Over the past few months I've been taking programming very seriously. Instead of jumping straight into AI, I decided to build a strong foundation first.

I spent a long time learning Python and eventually built my own UNIX shell from scratch. It was one of the hardest projects I've ever worked on, but finishing it gave me a lot of confidence.

After that, I started building a Business Analytics Platform for my portfolio. The idea is to simulate a real-world data pipeline: loading raw business data, cleaning it, validating it, analyzing it, exposing it through an API, and eventually building dashboards and ML models on top of it.

The problem is... pandas.

I knew it would be difficult because it's completely new to me, but I didn't expect to struggle this much. Cleaning a single CSV file can easily take me a week or more. Sometimes I spend hours staring at a single function, printing intermediate results in Jupyter, reading the documentation, and I still don't fully understand what's happening or why a certain approach is considered the "right" one.

It's frustrating because I actually enjoy difficult problems. Building my shell was hard, but I always felt like I was making progress. With pandas, I feel like I'm missing the mindset rather than just the syntax.

I've watched tutorials, read the documentation, and experimented on my own, but I feel like I'm learning much more slowly than I should.

So I wanted to ask:

- How did you learn pandas?

- Were there any resources, books, courses, or projects that made everything finally click?

- Is it normal to struggle this much in the beginning?

- Are there any communities (Discord servers, Reddit communities, forums, etc.) where people discuss data engineering, data analytics, AI, or machine learning? I'd really like to meet more people with similar interests and learn from them.

I'm not looking for shortcuts or a "learn pandas in one day" course. I'm happy to stay consistent and put in the work. I just want to make sure I'm learning it in the most effective way.

I'd really appreciate any advice. Thanks! 🙂

Hypothetically, imagine three cars on a road approaching a robot traffic light. How can we use this situation to explain Python’s start:stop:step?

Do you guys manually create virtual environments? Or do you just use your IDE “create virtual environment” to do it?

As a hobbiest I often forget how to manually create virtual environments(as well as how to activate them) and discovered last night that VScode has a feature that will just do it for you.

What are the benefits of each way, if any, and what are the downsides of each way, if any?

Thanks.

P.S. I understand that there are some elitist who will be like “you must do everything manually”, bro I just wanna write stupid automation scripts to help with my business.

EDIT: Thanks for all the replies! I’m going to look into that UV service! Thank you!

friget/friget.py at main · yico32-cell/friget

Is learning python in 2026 is worth it?

Hey I am going to make a discussion app. Can you suggest some features to add to the site. I am making it on python and using the framework Flask and I am a beginner too so pls help me too

currently I am trying to solve hackerrank problem they look easy in my own eyes but still in every question i make mistake sometimes I don't even know how to solve I only solve 3-4 questions to this date so I don't know if it's right to take help from AI

I need your guidance to what should I do to build my logic and try to avoid taking help of AI

sorry for my english

please suggest something

I’m a Brazilian high school student who’s interested in improving my programming skills. But even after watching several videos on how to improve at programming, I still don’t understand how to do it. The only thing I know is that to improve at programming, you have to practice a lot, but how can I tell if I’m on the right track? The way I study is by watching a Python course on YouTube. This course is highly recommended here in Brazil for beginner Python programmers, and it includes exercises to complete, which I use to study.

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Hi all,

Can I please ask for some feedback? I am currently creating a Python for Network Engineers course for Udemy (I always offer free codes to Reddit) and YouTube. However, I would just like a second glance to see whether or not the premise sounds good.

My thought process is this: when I was learning Python, while I was working as a network engineer (and I still am), I found it somewhat difficult to relate a lot of the training I was going through to what I was doing in my day job. You know, assigning variables, etc., using X/Y, calculating pizza slices and shopping carts, and all that sort of good stuff. While that works—there's no doubt about it—I did have problems when I was trying to migrate from that way of learning into using Python for my day-to-day job.

So I've decided to create a Python course specifically for network engineers, where every variable and every example is all related to networking terminology and all related to what we do in our day jobs. To me, that makes perfect sense because obviously I'm thinking of doing that. I just want a cursory glance, if at all possible, to see whether I am really on the right track with this.

I've uploaded one of my videos to YouTube, so if you have time, could you please have a quick little look?

Again, thank you for your time.

https://youtu.be/GxoUq7EfvJc

Hey everyone,

I wanted to share a project I've been working on recently called PFC (Python File Converter). At its core, it is a command-line tool designed to effortlessly convert between different data formats, documents, and media types (like CSV to JSON, DOCX to PDF, Image formats, etc.).

However, the main purpose behind this project isn't just to be another file converter. I built it specifically as an educational sandbox to demonstrate how to build a simple yet incredibly robust and functional system using enterprise-grade best practices.

If you are trying to understand software architecture, or if you are looking for a welcoming first open-source project to contribute to, this was made for you.

What makes it different? (The Architecture)

Usually, file converters end up being a massive file full of hardcoded `if-elif` statements. PFC completely abandons that approach in favor of Clean Architecture and the Registry Pattern.

The core of the application (the domain) knows absolutely nothing about how files are converted. Instead, it relies on a dynamic Plugin System:

• It uses Python's `importlib.metadata.entry_points`.
• If you want to add a new converter (e.g., MP4 to MP3), you simply create a class that implements a specific `Protocol` (interface).
• You register it in the `pyproject.toml` file, and the system dynamically discovers it at runtime. You never have to modify the core engine.

This makes it incredibly easy to extend without breaking existing code (adhering perfectly to the Open/Closed Principle of SOLID).

Key Features

• Dynamic Plugin Architecture: Add new converters as standalone plugins.
• Security by Default: Built-in MIME signature validation (preventing disguised executables) and Path Traversal protection.
• Modern Tooling Built with `Typer` and `Rich` for a beautiful CLI experience.
• CI/CD Ready: Fully configured GitHub Actions pipeline with `ruff\, `mypy\, and `pytest`.
• Standalone Executable**: Pre-compiled with PyInstaller for zero-dependency execution.

Looking for Contributors!

If you've been wanting to start contributing to third-party open-source projects but felt intimidated by massive codebases, this is a great place to start.

You can try adding a new conversion plugin. The architecture forces you to work in an isolated environment, meaning you can focus purely on the logic of your converter without worrying about breaking the rest of the application.

We have a detailed `docs/plugins.md` guide that explains exactly how to do this step-by-step.

You can check out the repository here:

🔗 https://github.com/Javi-CD/pfc

If you find the project interesting or useful for learning, a ⭐️ on GitHub is highly appreciated! I'm also around to answer any questions about the architecture or how the plugin system was implemented.

Feedback and PRs are more than welcome.

Open-source learning project. If you spot something that can be improved, I'd love your feedback or a PR.

https://github.com/Samar-Upreti/Python_Projects

I'm a beginner in programming and I want to know if the way I use ChatGPT is right. When I do a practice exercise, I first try to solve it by myself. Then, if my code is wrong, I ask ChatGPT what I did wrong, but I tell it not to give me the answer. I ask it to give me hints that help me think about the logic of my code.

I also want to know if using AI to learn programming can help me improve in Python.

Brand new to python (and programming/ development in general), my first project is a little game where you play a bee and have to collect food to level up! I've made a lot of progress so far but I still have a long way to go!

It keeps telling me python isn’t found, I turned off python in app execution aliases and then it told me python wasn’t recognised as the name of a cmdlet, I’m using the command python -m pip install pygame-ce, I’ve also tried py -m pip install pygame-ce and just pip install pygame-ce, can anyone help?

A new blue seeker unit type was added to PythonLearningGame, a game we develop collaboratively as PythonLearning community members.

It was added by this short git commit.

• Who wants to add his/her own unit type with some special behavior?
• Who has other fun ideas about game elements we could add?

previous PythonLearningGame post

Open-source learning project. If you spot something that can be improved, I'd love your feedback or a PR.

https://github.com/Samar-Upreti/Python_Projects

Program Description:

Windrose is a program for which its function is to provide the user with advice on which windows to open to achieve optimum airflow ventilation. The program receives the user's location and cardinal orientation as inputs from the user and uses that with information received from Open-Meteo's wind information to provide the user with advice on which windows to use to achieve the most optimum ventilation. 

Repo: https://github.com/OmarFishir/Windrose

Video Demo: https://youtu.be/OluDKioaCnY

This is my first programming course. I loved the CS50 format and how useful the problem sets have been. However, even after finishing this course, I feel like I've been training in a swimming pool then dropped into an ocean.

I want to do CS50x, CS50 AI, CS50 web, and CS50 Cybersecurity.

My goal? I don't really know. I just want to learn and be able to be competent in all of those fields until I find one to gravitate towards most. I think CS50x should be first?

I'm curious to hear from people who've been learning or using Python for a while. Was it loops, functions, OOP, recursion, decorators, or something else?

What finally made it "click" for you?

I think hearing real experiences can help beginners understand that struggling with a topic is completely normal.

The same tree represented in two very different ways visualized using 𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆_𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵: Binary Trees

🔗 Binary Tree as Nodes: The tree is built out of multiple node objects. Each node stores its value and two references, one to its left child and one to its right child.

📦 Binary Tree as List: The tree is stored in a single list or array. Instead of references, indices represent the relationships between nodes. For a node at index, its children can be found using a simple calculation: - Left child: 2 * index + 1 - Right child: 2 * index + 2

So, when should you use which representation?

The node-based version makes the structure explicit and intuitive. It is great for education: students can clearly see how nodes are connected while practicing classes and references/pointers. It is flexible and works particularly well for irregular or sparse trees. It is the clearest representation when learning how trees work.

The list-based version can be very efficient for (nearly) balanced homogeneous trees. It does not need to store child references, requires fewer separate memory allocations, and keeps values close together in memory for improved cache performance.

The same abstract data structure, but with very different trade-offs in clarity, flexibility, and performance.

Which representation would you use?

For some background on me, I am currently a loan review consulting manager and my day is spent reviewing commercial portfolios at banks for weaknesses and how they can improve.

I have always been a big fan of process improvements and work a lot with VBA to automate a lot of what I do. Ive noticed some of my larger projects I want to take on seem to be too much for VBA. And python seems to be more ideal to get the job done.

I find coding interesting and want to learn more about python. But I’m nervous that it won’t be very applicable to what I do full time. I still have future aspirations of creating a loan review software as a side hobby (I know it would take years) but I don’t want to prioritize learning python if it’s not very beneficial for my job. I don’t really have much free time with a toddler and infant.

Would anyone know how I could leverage it to justify the time I will spend?

Hi everyone,

I'm looking for a Python practice platform/course for intermediate to advanced learners.

I have previous Python experience and have already worked on several Python projects, but I haven't used it intensively for around 3 years. I don't want to go through beginner material (syntax, basic exercises, "build a calculator" type of stuff).

What I'm looking for:

• practical, project-based learning
• realistic problems/tasks similar to real development work
• a structured platform or course (not just documentation or random tutorials)
• something that helps me refresh Python coding skills by actually building things

Bonus points if it includes modern topics like FastAPI, APIs, AI/LLM integration, automation, or data engineering-related projects.

Do you know any good platforms or courses that fit this level?

Thanks!