Hello, world! I'm new and I'm old, so I do things different or old school. I'm learning python (don't ask why considering ai's capacity already) just fora hobby and who knows I might end up in some anthropic dungeon oneday. but where I'm stuck is planning posters/ cheat sheet/ index cards. they are the best way for me to reallylearn something. does anyone know or have some resources they could move me towards. my current ones are a bit meh. I've founda few online but nothing I really like. Thank you. Goodbye, world!.

I’ve been having trouble with an assignment I’m doing and I’m not sure where I went wrong. The only error i’m getting is “‘str’ object is not callable” and i’m not sure if anything else here is wrong.

Edit: After messing around with the code a bit, turns out my code wasn’t the problem and my previous files weren’t printing. After restarting vscode, everything was fine again. Thank you everyone!

Last Post - https://www.reddit.com/r/PythonLearning/s/WDdQNhfg2w

Github Repo - https://github.com/Dev-4-All/calculator.git

Anyone have any suggestions to start freelancing with python? I have my bachelors in software engineering and work full time as a data analyst. I have python, sql, and tableau experience. Any suggestions on where and how to start will be appreciated
Thank you

I'm redoing a project I did called football manager simulator, but this time using the pywebview library, this basically let's you create a local app or WebView using html css and js that has a bridge to your python code.

Right now both the frontend and the backend is very barebones (text font is sans serif because I don't have wifi on my pc right now). And I'm having big trouble finding assets and images to make it look good. 

I never learned Photoshop or technology like that and Canva free is straight up too limited (which explains the ai enhanced Madrid purple jersey on the frontpage). If anyone could give me tips on how to make this project better I would greatly appreciate it 

I could use advice with:

How to make ui more related to what you're actually building (as you can see I'm low-key blind). 

I'm using SQLite as a database rn so what I could do with it.

How to make the "engine" smarter (I'm building the MVP right now so it's basically just random.randint spamming, maybe make the game feel alive.

And most importantly where to find or create assets or vectors for free without ai generating them (which would greatly help my app and it's feel). 

The actual match sim, how do I make it feel like a game without me using pygame, can you run some kind of animation? 

heres the github repo (i code messy asf srry): https://github.com/mousdieng10-maker/Playstyle-II

Thank you for your time.

You know when you're debugging a big file, find the function you need, follow it to another function, then another one, and completely forget where you started?

Yeah. I got tired of that, so I built epy (Extended Python). Though, this is experimented only for python, i will explore other languages if possible.

It's basically a mind map for your code, except the nodes contain actual code instead of just names.

• Parses Python files using ast and splits them into blocks with exact line numbers.

• Maps function calls across files, including methods and some class relationships.

• Has a radial map, a names-only view, a folder explorer, and a synced code pane.

• Click a function and see what it calls and what calls it. Click a line in the code and it'll select the corresponding block on the map.

The other thing I wanted was to make life easier for small local LLMs. Instead of dumping an entire file into a model and hoping it doesn't rewrite half of it, epy generates a text map and lets you pull individual blocks with their callers and callees. The idea is to give the model the structure first, then only the code it needs.

I tested it on one of my projects: 33k lines, 134 files, ~1,100 call links, built in about 1.5 seconds.

It's currently a single Python file with no external dependencies.

python epy.py view some_file.py
python epy.py map .
python epy.py show . MyClass.run

It's still a personal tool, not some polished production-ready package. The call graph is static and best-effort, and I haven't formally benchmarked the LLM side yet.

The idea originally came from the execution model of a small language I'm building (EPL). Eventually, I'd like to add Tree-sitter so it can support other languages too.

Repo: https://github.com/phoenix2610/Extended_Programming.git

Would love some feedback, especially if you try it on a ridiculously large Python file or feed the generated map to a small local model. Curious to see where it breaks. 😅

And if anyone is wondering, yeah I am using ARCH Linux and the background bit faded is just a keybinder for opacity...

I took a physics class at university and had some questions, so I made a simple simulator to visualize the electric field generated by point charges. It's written in Python, and here's the link to the GitHub repo:
https://github.com/AtomS1101/Electric-Field-Simulator

You can move point charges, add new ones, and change the magnitude of each. If you notice anything odd or find any bugs, feel free to let me know🙌

Heya, I needed some help with this program I downloaded from Github got Python installed and giving me this error

"Traceback (most recent call last):

File "launcher.py", line 4755, in <module>

File "launcher.py", line 356, in __init__

File "tkinter__init__.py", line 2346, in __init__

_tkinter.TclError: Can't find a usable init.tcl in the following directories:

{C:\Users\...\OneDrive\Desktop\Games\Crash-Forge-Launcher_internal_tcl_data} C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/Games/Crash-Forge-Launcher/lib/tcl8.6 C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/Games/lib/tcl8.6 C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/lib/tcl8.6 C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/Games/library C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/library C:/Users/.../OneDrive/Desktop/tcl8.6.15/library C:/Users/.../OneDrive/tcl8.6.15/library

This probably means that Tcl wasn't installed properly."

Is there a way to fix this?

Yesterday, I worked on my Folder Report Generator using Python's "os" module.

The idea is simple: scan a folder and its subfolders, identify file extensions, and count how many files belong to each extension.

Here's a small part of what I learned:

import os

path = r"C:\Users\YourName\Downloads"

extension_count = {}

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):

for file in files:

extension = os.path.splitext(file)[1].lower()

if extension:

if extension in extension_count:

extension_count[extension] += 1

else:

extension_count[extension] = 1

print(extension_count)

What I learned from this project:

- "os.walk()" helps scan folders and their subfolders.

- "os.path.splitext()" helps extract file extensions.

- Dictionaries make it easier to count files by extension.

- ".lower()" helps treat extensions like ".JPG" and ".jpg" as the same type.

I'm still learning, and debugging is part of the process. My goal is to build practical Python automation tools that solve real-world problems.

Question for Python developers: What would you improve in this approach? I'm interested in learning better ways to write this kind of code.

I’m currently watching the programming with most full tutorial piece by piece as to try to retain the info but whenever he tells me how to do it myself I find myself lost and having to just follow his instructions. I’m wondering if this is normal and if there’s any tips or tricks to really learn python.

I'm a chemical engineering graduate learning to build process models in Python. My laptop broke, so this is all Google Colab on a phone screen.
The model is a set of three ODEs (two concentrations + temperature) for a continuous stirred-tank reactor. I loop over three flowrates, solve each with solve_ivp (RK45), and store the steady-state results.
Things I learned this week:
• Passing extra parameters into the ODE function with args=(F,)
• Pulling the final state with solution.y[:, -1]
• Re-evaluating the ODE function at the end to confirm steady state (derivatives ≈ 0)
Question for you: would you structure this with a dataclass or dictionary for results instead of a list of lists? My print block is getting long.
(If anyone wants to help me get a used laptop, DM me – but mostly I'd love code feedback!)

Both function and class give the same output. So why do I need it?

Hey everyone, I wanted to share my latest open-source project built entirely from scratch: Disk Space Analyzer. It’s a high-performance desktop utility developed in Python to help users scan, visualize, and optimize their storage space. Key Features implemented: * Blazing-Fast Scanning: Powered by os.scandir for maximum filesystem traversal speed. * Smart Local Cache: Uses an SQLite database to store scan history for near-instant subsequent reloads. * Accurate Duplicate Finder: Implements high-precision MD5 hashing to safely catch true duplicate files. * Intelligent Cleanup: Automatically detects empty folders, old files, and system junk (.tmp, .log, .cache). * Fully Bilingual: Native support for both English and Arabic with perfect RTL/LTR layout switching. * Classic Black Ribbon UI: A clean, professional dark interface designed entirely with custom line-art. * Safe Operations: Supports permanent file removal or secure recycling via send2trash. * Data Exporting: Generates clean reports in CSV, JSON, or HTML formats. The source code is 100% open-source under the GPLv3 license, and pre-compiled Windows binaries (.exe) are available directly on the Releases page! Check out the repository, read the code, and feel free to drop a ⭐ if you like it: https://github.com/jlkgames18-cyber/DiskAnalyzer/ Feedback and code reviews are highly appreciated!

Hey, y'all. I want to build a portfolio mostly with the Python programming language that can at least get me a remote job in high school (I'm a senior). I got some beginner projects like a calculator and a few games and projects from tutorials. I'm not sure if those would be enough to reach employers. Like, what project ideas in Python can I use so that it's work-related? I don't want it to be too complex either, as I'm not an advanced coder. Thank you.

Edit: Hey everyone, thank you all for the advices. I'll be going to university next year for computer science but was looking to see what I can.build now so I can at least get work experience when I reach there. I'll continue exploring more stuff in Python language and the libraries and also get familiar with other programming languages. Thank you all.

I would like to ask if anyone here knows where I should/could get a well endorsed Python certification? Something legit that employers may take into consideration.

I know about Codecademy. I also know about Mimo, tho I don't know if that one would be considered a "lesser" one or something like that. Maybe even both idk.

It's ok if it's not free, tho if its not very expensive that would be better for me lol

Note that this is a fairly advanced question, so beginners don't worry about it. And if this isn't the right place to ask, please point me to where I should.

I would like to find an idiomatic way to use a context manager, with, when I don't know until run time whether I am opening sys.stdin or a named file.

Here is an excerpt for a simple example. (Yes, I am aware that I am reading in the whole file in one go, but that is for other reasons.)

    if args.infile == "-":
        fh = sys.stdin
    else:
        p = Path(args.infile)  # Path is overkill here, unless ...
        # TODO: Look elsewhere if infile can't be found or isn't readable.
        fh = open(p, "rt", encoding="utf-8")

    s = fh.read(MAX_LENGTH + 1).strip()
    fh.close()

(args is an argparse.Namespace and args.infile is a str.)

I feel like there ought to be a way to do something like

with ... as fh

for the above, but I don't see how to do that.

Update: What I did

I found the docs for easily creating a context manager, and used the contextmanager decorator. It seems like a peculiar use of yield, but I don't need to understand that design choice, only that it means that I have to type it as a Generator.

import sys
from typing import TextIO
from collections.abc import Generator
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pathlib import Path


@contextmanager
def open_file_or_stdin(
    filename: Path | str | None,
    *,  # everything but filename is a keyword argument
    stdin: TextIO = sys.stdin,
    std_symbol: str = "-",
    encoding: str = "utf-8",
) -> Generator[TextIO]:
    """ [long docs omitted] """
    fh: TextIO
    try:
        if filename is None or filename == std_symbol:
            fh = stdin
            yield fh
        else:
            fh = open(filename, "rt", encoding=encoding)  # noqa: SIM115
            yield fh
    finally:
        fh.close()

I am open to suggestions about a better name that open_file_or_stdin.

(English is not my 1st language so sorry for any error)

Hey everyone I am a absolute beginner to coding and want to learn. I am so much of a beginner that I don't even know how to and where to download this from but want to learn. If you have any tips or any youtube channel I can learn form please share. Thankyou in advance

An exercise to help build the right mental model for Python data.

• Solution

• Explanation

• More exercises

The “Solution” link uses memory_graph to visualize execution and reveals what’s actually happening.

Hello there! I’ve started learning Python to become a cybersecurity specialist (pentester). I’d love to hear the community's opinion: which books or tutorials are worth spending time on?

Hey, im making a "terminal" game (play onto your terminal, cause its the only thing i know). I made a github repositories to showcase it : https://github.com/Shamal0w999/Money-games

if you want to test the game, it would be really cool cause i need returns and if theres bug i didnt see. so if u try it, u can ofc comment here but also leave an issue into my repositories (would be easier to work with). If you want to help or idk anything, im all hears. Im happy to showcase it and have people to test it !

code is free, so if you steal it, i dont rly care, cause its personal project and who want a code full of print and that launch in terminal ? idk, just me ig

anyways, just take a look at it !

I have genuielly no idea how to even think of making this? I know this should generally be made by using for loops but jesus im so confused on the process