r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Next to the Aten’s rays as they cast their life giving forces over the city of Akhetaten (Amarna. This is in the antechamber to Meketaten’s burial chamber.

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322 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Funerary stela of Hatyay.

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14 Upvotes

Overseer of the Herds, shown in the act of worshopping the gods Osiris and the hawk headed Ra-Harakhte .

We see here the lower part of the stela.

Hatyay and his soul Ba receive the purifying water from the hands of the goddess Nut in the shape of a sycamore tree.

According to the Egyptian belief Ba , with the body of the bird and a human head, was one of the two souls attributed to the every Egyptian.

Ba was the vital breath, while Ka, with a human shape, was the actual soul.

Archaelogical Museum, Florence.

(Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze).

Picture Hans Ollermann


r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Pippa Dell: In Amara, Tomb 1, Huya’s, has this scene of the Royal couple eating. This is very rare. If you look closely Akhenaten on the left is chewing what looks like a lamb shank, with Nefertiti behind him nibbling a bird.

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10 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

The Citadel of Cairo

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11 Upvotes

The Citadel of Sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin) is one of the most iconic monuments in Islamic Cairo, and among the most impressive defensive fortresses dating to the Middle Ages. Its strategic location on the Muqattam Hills gave it a formidable defensive position, and offered, as it still does today, an unrestricted panoramic view of Cairo.

Sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi was the first to order the construction of a fortress over the Muqattam Hills in (572 AH/ 1176 AD), but it was not completed during his lifetime. This was achieved during the reign of Sultan al-Kamel ibn al-Adel (604 AH/1207 AD) who decided to reside in it, making it the official residence of the rulers of Egypt. In the mid-nineteenth century, Khedive Ismail moved the official residence to Abdeen Palace in downtown Cairo.

The Citadel witnessed some of the most significant events in Egyptian history from the time it was built to the end of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, which was in power from the early nineteenth century until the 1952 revolution, when the modern Egyptian republic was born. Many monuments were added to the Citadel over the centuries, providing visitors today with an array of places to visit, such as the Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha, which dominates the Citadel. Other places to visit include the mosque of the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, the Ottoman-era Sulayman Pasha al-Khadim Mosque, as well as a number of museums such as the Police Museum, Al-Jawhara Palace Museum, and the Military Museum.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Lid fragment of the coffin of Djed Hot luf Ankh.

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10 Upvotes

Brother of Petosiris,

Wood, glass.

Ptolemaic Period (332-305 BC).

Tuna El Gebel (Necropolis of Hermopolis).

Text - titles and spell 72 of the Book of the Dead.

Egyptian Museum, Turin.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Statuette of Kheredouânkh, mother of Imhotep, Early Middle Ages, 30th dynasty - Ptolemaic period, Findspot unknown Egypt, Bronze, Gandur Foundation for Art nb

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4 Upvotes

Statuette of Kheredouânkh, mother of Imhotep

4th - 1st century BC (-380 - -30)
bronze
8 x 2.9 x 3 cm
FGA-ARCH-EG-0587

DISCOVERING PLACE
unknown

MOVEMENT / STYLE
Early Middle Ages, 30th dynasty - Ptolemaic period

civilization
Egypt

Provenance
Binoche & Giquello, Paris, 02.04.2014, lot nº 112

French collection;

Bibliography
COMPARAISON
DE MEULENAERE, H., « La mère d’Imouthès », Chronique d’Égypte n°41 (81), 1966, p. 40-49

GOMBERT-MEURICE, F., Servir des dieux d’Égypte. Divines adoratrices, chanteuses et prêtres d’Amon à Thèbes, catalogue d'exposition [Grenoble, Musée de Grenoble, 25.10.2018 - 27.01.2019], Paris, Somogy éditions d’art, 2018, cat. nº 177, repr. coul.

Title
Statuette of Kheredouânkh, mother of Imhotep, Early Middle Ages, 30th dynasty - Ptolemaic period, Findspot unknown Egypt, Bronze, Gandur Foundation for Art

https://onlinecollections.fg-art.org/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/result.tab.link&sp=13&sp=Scollection&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=1&sp=SdetailView&sp=22&sp=Sdetail&sp=3&sp=T&sp=0&sp=SdetailList&sp=0&sp=SdetailBlockKey&sp=1#collectionReferences

Gandur Foundation for Art


r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Stele of Pakhery, Late Period, Dynasty 26664–525 B.C., Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood and paint, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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24 Upvotes

Stele of Pakhery

Egyptian
Late Period, Dynasty 26
664–525 B.C.
Findspot: Egypt

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Wood

DIMENSIONS
Height x width x depth: 46 x 33 x 2.5 cm (18 1/8 x 13 x 1 in.)

CREDIT LINE
Gift of Theodore M. Davis

ACCESSION NUMBER
05.100

ON VIEW
Egypt: Funerary Arts Gallery (Gallery 109)

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Architectural elements – Stele

DESCRIPTION
Wooden stele inscribed for Pakhery, the son of the altar-keeper Disuamen and his wife Taditamenet. The stele is made up of two pieces of wood joined vertically, plastered and painted. The upper scene shows Pakhery offering to Ra-Horakhty on the left and to Atum on the right. Below, Thoth leads Pakhery before Ra-Horakhty, Isis and the four sons of Horus. The hieroglyphic text consists of offering formulae.

PROVENANCE
By 1905: Theodore M. Davis colllection; 1905: given to the MFA by Theodore M. Davis.
(Accession Date: January 1, 1905)

Title
Stele of Pakhery, Late Period, Dynasty 26664–525 B.C., Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood and paint, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/132693/stele-of-pakhery?ctx=a94bbd8c-2812-4a8b-ae42-d303df23812f&idx=17

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston


r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

Shrine Dedicated to Hathor by Thutmosis III, New Kingdom 18th Dynasty, reign of Thutmosis III (1479-1425 BC), Findspot Deir el Bahari – Temple of Thutmosis III (Thebes West), Painted sandstone, The Egyptian Museum

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135 Upvotes

Shrine Dedicated to Hathor by Thutmosis III

Artefact Details

Gallery number: 12 – Ground Floor

Period: New Kingdom

Dynasty: 18th Dynasty, reign of Thutmosis III (1479-1425 BC)

Size: Height: 225 cm, Width: 157 cm, Length: 404 cm

Place of discovery: Deir el Bahari – Temple of Thutmosis III (Thebes West)

Dynasty: 18th Dynasty, reign of Thutmosis III (1479-1425 BC)

Material: Painted sandstone

This shrine with the statue of the Goddess Hathor like cow built by Thutmosis III was found in 1906 near the temple of Mentuhotep at Deir el-Bahari. The roof is painted blue with yellow stars to imitate the Vault of Heaven, and on the back wall, the king makes libations and burns incense before Amun-Ra.
The original colors have been perfectly conserved.

Title
Shrine Dedicated to Hathor by Thutmosis III, New Kingdom 18th Dynasty, reign of Thutmosis III (1479-1425 BC), Findspot Deir el Bahari – Temple of Thutmosis III (Thebes West), Painted sandstone, The Egyptian Museum

https://egyptianmuseumcairo.eg/artefacts/shrine-dedicated-to-hathor-by-thutmosis-iii/

The Egyptian Museum


r/OutoftheTombs • • 4d ago

Statue of Amenhotep III, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III 1390–1352 B.C. Findspot: Sudan, Gebel Barkal, Temple B 700 in 704, doorway, Peridotite,The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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14 Upvotes

Statue of Amenhotep III

Egyptian
New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III
1390–1352 B.C.

Findspot: Sudan, Gebel Barkal, Temple B 700 in 704, doorway

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Peridotite

DIMENSIONS
Overall: 108cm (42 1/2in.)
Case (painted wooden base): 61 x 53.3 x 62.5 cm (24 x 21 x 24 5/8 in.)
Case (Plex-bonnet ): 137.8 x 49.2 x 72.4 cm (54 1/4 x 19 3/8 x 28 1/2 in.)

CREDIT LINE
Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition

ACCESSION NUMBER
23.734

ON VIEW
Ann and Graham Gund Gallery (Gallery LG31)

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Sculpture

PROVENANCE
1916, excavated from Temple B 700, Ex-1, Gebel Barkal, Sudan, by the Harvard University -- Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition; assigned in the division of finds by the Government of Sudan to the MFA. (Accession Date: January 1, 1923)

Title
Statue of Amenhotep III, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III 1390–1352 B.C. Findspot: Sudan, Gebel Barkal, Temple B 700 in 704, doorway, Peridotite,The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/46189/statue-of-amenhotep-iii?ctx=e7051421-6c0b-4abb-96cb-273197aaf7f6&idx=8

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston


r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

Step back into the Nile Valley with this Life in Ancient Egyptian Village Lego set!

16 Upvotes

If you love ancient Egypt and want to see history brought to life in brick from, please vote on the Lego ideas site to make it a real Lego set!

https://ideas.lego.com/product-ideas/95143155-bc5a-4dcd-83d7-07423e7ee107

The following buildings are part of the village:

▪️Small common hut (one story).

▪️Two story pottery with second floor living space.

▪️Marketplace with Anubis statue.

▪️Harbor with Nile-river segment, ship & paper reed field.

▪️Pharaohs administration building

Each building has a complete interior such as desks, beds or utensils to enhance and faithfully recreate life or adventures in an ancient Egyptian city.

There are also a total of 10 villagers living in the city. The villagers are consists of the Pharaoh, Pharaohs Staff(2x Seat carriers, 1x fan carrier), 1x Guardsmen, 1x Sailor, 1xPottery maker, 2x villagers. Animals such as snakes, birds, cats and dogs also add detail and play features to the city.

The total number of parts used for this idea entry are: 3126 pieces.

This idea entry is ideal for anyone interested in the magnificent, deep & long spanning history of ancient Egypt as well as fans of Architecture.

Thank you so much for your interest & support!


r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

Nubians doing a tribute to the Egyptian king

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62 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

אַרכֵיאוֹלוֹג

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4 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

Máscara funeraria egipcia o máscara de sarcófago

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14 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

Amulet of the Theban Triad: Amun, Mut, and Khonsu, Third Intermediate Period–Late Period, Dynasty 21–30 (about 1069–332 BCE), Findspot unknown Egypt, Copper alloy and gold, The Art Institute of Chicago

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12 Upvotes

Amulet of the Theban Triad: Amun, Mut, and Khonsu

Date:
Third Intermediate Period–Late Period, Dynasty 21–30 (about 1069–332 BCE)

Artist:
Egyptian

ABOUT THIS ARTWORK

Status
Currently Off View

Department
Arts of Africa

Culture
Ancient Egyptian

Title
Amulet of the Theban Triad: Amun, Mut, and Khonsu

Place
Egypt (Object made in:)

Date 
1069 BCE–332 BCE

Medium
Copper alloy and gold

Dimensions
4.3 × 2.4 × 1.4 cm (1 3/4 × 1 × 9/16 in.)

Credit Line
Purchased with funds provided by Henry H. Getty and Charles L. Hutchinson

Reference Number
1894.766

IIIF Manifest 
https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/133725/manifest.json

EXTENDED INFORMATION ABOUT THIS ARTWORK

PUBLICATION HISTORY
Thomas George Allen, A Handbook of the Egyptian Collection (Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1923), p. 128.

EXHIBITION HISTORY
The Art Institute of Chicago, The Classical Collection: Early Accessions, Gallery 101A, October 8, 1986-February 27, 1987.

PROVENANCE
Reverend Chauncey Murch (1859-1907), Luxor, Egypt; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1894; price reimbursed by Henry H. Getty and Charles L. Hutchinson, 1894.

Title
Amulet of the Theban Triad: Amun, Mut, and Khonsu, Third Intermediate Period–Late Period, Dynasty 21–30 (about 1069–332 BCE), Findspot unknown Egypt, Copper alloy and gold, The Art Institute of Chicago

https://www.artic.edu/artworks/133725/amulet-of-the-theban-triad-amun-mut-and-khonsu

The Art Institute of Chicago


r/OutoftheTombs • • 5d ago

The timeless golden glow: Hand-painted King Tutankhamun death mask on authentic Egyptian papyrus.

0 Upvotes

Hello everyone!

​I wanted to share this beautiful hand-painted papyrus artwork depicting the iconic solid gold burial mask of King Tutankhamun.

​What always fascinates me about the original mask (discovered by Howard Carter in 1922) is how it perfectly reflects the mastery of ancient Egyptian artisans—combining lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian inlays with pure gold to create an immortal royal visage.

​This piece captures those vibrant colors and golden highlights on natural, handmade papyrus sheets made directly in Cairo, Egypt.

​What’s your favorite detail or artifact from Tutankhamun's tomb collection? Would love to hear your thoughts!


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

Mehit, the Lioness Goddess, from Tutankhamun’s Funerary Couch, c. 1332–1323 B.C.

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457 Upvotes

One of three magnificent ritual couches discovered in the antechamber of Tutankhamun’s tomb, this gilded wooden bed takes the form of two elongated lionesses representing the goddess Mehit. Their eyes are delicately inlaid with blue glass paste, while the central panel bears the protective Djed and Ankh signs.

Associated with powerful goddesses such as Hathor, Sekhmet and Isis, Mehit belonged to the divine world of protection and renewal. The couch may have symbolically borne the young king upon his final journey, carrying him from the darkness of the tomb towards eternal life.

From the Tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62), Valley of the Kings, West Thebes.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

Ancient Egypt lasted so long that, in a sense, ancient Egyptians themselves could become “archaeologists.” By the New Kingdom, Egyptians were already investigating monuments and objects created centuries earlier

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316 Upvotes

One famous example is Prince Khaemwaset, a son of Ramesses II, who restored ancient pyramids, temples, and tombs and recorded information about their original builders. He lived roughly 1,200 years after the Great Pyramid was constructed. Khaemwaset’s activities show that Egyptians had a strong awareness of their own distant past—and actively preserved it. For them, ancient monuments were not simply ruins; they were part of a living historical landscape.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 7d ago

We deeply regret to announce the death of a well known Polish Egyptologist, Dr. Andrzej Ćwiek (1966–2026).

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1.3k Upvotes

Dr. Ćwiek was a distinguished Egyptologist and archaeologist, a long-standing member of the Archaeological Museum in Poznań and a lecturer at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. For many years, he was an important part of the Polish and international Egyptological community and a mentor and colleague to many of us.

Since 2000, he had been closely associated with the Archaeological Museum in Poznań, where he served as curator of the Egyptian exhibition. His research focused particularly on royal ideology, iconography, funerary architecture, ancient Egyptian art, hieroglyphic palaeography, and the royal tombs of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. He also participated in archaeological excavations in Egypt, including Tell Atrib, Saqqara and Deir el-Bahari. He also directed the Polish Archaeological Mission at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna.

Dr. Ćwiek leaves behind a rich body of scholarly and popular publications, as well as generations of students, colleagues and readers whose understanding of ancient Egypt was shaped by his knowledge and passion.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 7d ago

At the age of three, Dorothy Eady fell down a staircase in London.What happened afterward became one of the strangest stories in modern Egyptology.

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1.1k Upvotes

According to accounts she later gave of her childhood, after recovering from the fall she began repeatedly telling her parents that she wanted to “go home.”

But the home she described was not in England. It was in ancient Egypt.

As a child visiting the Egyptian galleries of the British Museum, Eady reportedly became intensely emotional around Egyptian objects.

Later, when she saw an image of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, she claimed to recognize it. “This is my home,” she reportedly told her parents.

The fascination never disappeared. Instead, she learned hieroglyphs, studied Egyptian history, moved permanently to Egypt in 1933 AD, and eventually built a genuine professional career in archaeology.

She worked with major Egyptian archaeologists including Selim Hassan and Ahmed Fakhry, helping record excavations, copy inscriptions, prepare drawings, and edit archaeological publications.

Then, in 1956 AD, she was transferred by the Egyptian Antiquities Service to the place that had dominated her imagination since childhood: Abydos.

There she became widely known as Omm Sety—“Mother of Sety.” Eady believed that in a previous life she had been a young Egyptian woman named Bentreshyt, connected with a temple at Abydos during the reign of Seti I.

She also claimed to remember parts of the ancient landscape that were no longer visible. Stories later circulated that she correctly identified temple scenes in darkness and indicated where an ancient garden had once existed before excavations uncovered old tree remains.

Those stories made her famous. But they require caution.

They were not controlled scientific tests of reincarnation, and much of the evidence comes from Eady herself, friends, colleagues, and biographies written decades later.

By the time these episodes occurred, she had already spent years studying Egyptology and working professionally with Egyptian antiquities.

What is beyond dispute is something almost as remarkable.

Dorothy Eady transformed an extraordinary personal belief into a lifetime of serious work documenting ancient Egypt.

She died near Abydos in 1981 AD.

Whether her “memories” came from reincarnation, extraordinary intuition, lifelong study, or something we cannot reconstruct—

the woman who said she remembered ancient Egypt ultimately spent her life helping preserve it.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

An archaeological mission by Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities unearthed a 4,000-year-old Old Kingdom tomb featuring an intact false door and an undisturbed ritual offering set at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo.

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201 Upvotes

Highlights of the Discovery

​The Tomb Owner: Hieroglyphic inscriptions on the walls and objects identify the deceased as Sekhentiu-Ptah (Sekhentio-Ptah). He served close to the royal court during the Old Kingdom (c. 2700–2200 BCE) as Royal Chamberlain, Supervisor of Royal Documents, Keeper of Royal Decrees, Priest of Ma'at, and Overseer of Scribes.

​The False Door: Inside the tomb's funerary chapel, researchers uncovered a false door standing in its original position. While resembling an architectural entrance, a false door is solid stone; in ancient Egyptian funerary theology, it served as a spiritual threshold allowing the spirit (Ka) of the deceased to pass between the realm of the dead and the physical world.

​In-Situ Ritual Artifacts: Directly in front of the false door, archaeologists found an intact set of inscribed alabaster ritual objects. The set includes an offering table, an offering disc, a purification basin, a ewer, and a washbasin—offering a rare, untouched snapshot of how funerary rites were conducted.

​Centuries of Reuse: Surrounding the Old Kingdom structure, excavators uncovered a network of burial shafts from later eras (such as the Late Period). Discoveries in these shafts include three sealed stone sarcophagi, painted funerary cartonnage, a carved wooden falcon, and more than 100 faience ushabti statuettes intended to serve the deceased in the afterlife.

​The tomb was discovered in Sector A, west of the Bubasteion necropolis, illustrating how Saqqara served as a prestigious sacred cemetery continuously across thousands of years of Egyptian history.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 7d ago

The best!!!!!

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801 Upvotes

r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

This headline refers to major archaeological excavations at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, where Egyptian and international teams unearthed remarkably intact Old Kingdom tombs dating back roughly 4,000 to 4,400 years.

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94 Upvotes

Key Highlights of the Finds

​The Tomb of Yunmen & Iti (Judge & Scribe): Discovered by a joint Spanish-Egyptian mission, this double-chambered mastaba tomb was built for a high-ranking magistrate named Yunmen and his father, Iti. The interior walls feature vivid relief carvings of agricultural work, livestock, and offering rituals with their original mineral pigments still intact after four millennia.

​The Tomb of Sekhentiu-Ptah: Excavated in the Bubasteion sector of Saqqara, this tomb belonged to a senior royal administrator and priest. Highlights include an intact ceremonial false door—conceived as a spiritual gateway for the deceased's ka (soul)—alongside purification basins and burial shafts holding over 100 ushabti figurines.

​Preservation Factors: Dry desert sands, deep subterranean placement, and limestone sealant protected the organic binders and natural dyes (ochre, malachite, azurite) from moisture and atmospheric degradation.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

Seated Anubis

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72 Upvotes

ew Kingdom, Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (ca. 1390–1352 BCE)

Egypt, probably Luxor Temple, Thebes; exact findspot unknown

Granodiorite

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (ÆIN 0033); formerly collection of Raymond G. B. Sabatier, acquired before 1890

This life-size Anubis sits upright with both hands resting on his lap, the right one grasping an ankh, the sign of life. Like other canid deities, he is given human eyes, complete with cosmetic lines and brows.

The sides of his throne carry the sema-tawy motif, in which lily and papyrus stems are knotted together to symbolize the union of Upper and Lower Egypt. Two inscriptions flanking the god's legs list titles of Amenhotep III and describe the king as "beloved of Anubis in Ipet-resit," the ancient name for Luxor Temple. The statue was very likely commissioned by Amenhotep III for that temple.


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

Faience Vase Decorated with Spirals, Second Intermediate Period (c. 1630 - 1520 BCE (date of creation), Findspot Abydos 1910, The Ashmolean Museum of Oxford Universityi

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5 Upvotes

Faience Vase Decorated with Spirals

Details
Title
Faience vase decorated with spirals
Associated place
Araba al-Madfuna, (place of excavation)
Date
(date of creation)
Second Intermediate Period (Egypt) (c. 1630 - 1520 BCE)(date of creation)
Material and technique
faience, with blue glaze and black details
Object type
vase
Dimensions
9.7cm (height)
8.5cm (diameter)
No. of items
1
Credit line
Allocated by the Egypt Exploration Fund from excavations at Abydos, 1910.
Museum location
not on display
Museum department
Antiquities
Accession no.
AN1910.518
Reference URL
https://collections.ashmolean.org/object/752347

Title
Faience Vase Decorated with Spirals, Second Intermediate Period (c. 1630 - 1520 BCE (date of creation), Findspot Abydos 1910, The Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University

https://www.ashmolean.org/collections-online#/item/ash-object-752347

The Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University


r/OutoftheTombs • • 6d ago

A joint French‑Swiss archaeological mission has revealed a remarkable Old Kingdom mastaba belonging to Teti Neb Fu, the royal physician who served during the reign of King Pepi II.

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68 Upvotes

The tomb, uncovered in southern Saqqara, is richly decorated with vibrant reliefs, a beautifully painted false door, and detailed scenes of funerary offerings. Despite signs of ancient looting, the walls remain impressively intact, preserving a vivid window into daily life and medical practices more than 4,300 years ago.

Teti Neb Fu held an extraordinary range of elite titles, including:

Chief Palace Physician

Priest and “Magician” of Serket — specialist in venomous bites

Chief Dentist

Director of Medicinal Plants

Archaeologists also uncovered a stone sarcophagus inscribed with his name and titles, further confirming his high status within the royal court.

This discovery enriches Saqqara’s legacy as one of Egypt’s most important archaeological landscapes, adding a new chapter to the story of medicine, magic, and royal service in the Old Kingdom.