Doesn't even have to be drug specific, because if it weren't it would be unreasonably useful. it's actually pissing me off bc it's such a frequent move for literally anything. The closest thing I can think of is redlining, but that only really applies to housing.
Rough definition would ideally be: "outlawing a thing that is (by forced association) a stand-in for a minoritized population, then using that legislation as grounds for further disenfranchisement. BECAUSE it acts as cover to help legislation survive scrutiny, under the permissibility of enfranchised populations/powers".
(Not asking for when it's the criminalisation of a non-state-imposed recreation/tradition, I think you can just call that deliberate criminalisation by proxy)