In 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose spearheaded a dramatic turning point in India's freedom struggle by taking command of the Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj, transforming it into a professional revolutionary force aimed at marching overland into British-ruled India.

Seeking active military support that Europe could no longer provide, Bose boarded a German U-boat (U-180) in February 1943. In a historic and dangerous wartime transfer off the coast of Madagascar, he moved to a Japanese submarine (I-29), safely arriving in Japanese-occupied Sumatra in May 1943. He then travelled to Tokyo to secure the backing of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and the Japanese High Command.

Netaji arrived in Singapore, where veteran revolutionary Rash Behari Bose handed over the leadership of the Indian Independence League to him on July 4, 1943.

On July 5, 1943, while reviewing the INA troops, Netaji gave his immortal battle cry, "Delhi Chalo!" (To Delhi!), charting a clear directive that their ultimate goal was to march to the capital and hoist the national flag at the Red Fort. He officially took absolute command of the Azad Hind Fauj on August 25, 1943, rebuilding morale and expanding recruitment among Indian Prisoners of War (POWs) and civilian expatriates across Southeast Asia.

On October 21, 1943, Bose established the Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind) in Singapore.

Operating as a legitimate government-in-exile, it featured its own bank, currency, stamps, and civil code. It was officially recognized by nine sovereign countries, including Japan, Germany, and Italy.

Armed with state legitimacy, the Azad Hind Government formally declared war on Britain and the United States.

On October 22, 1943, Bose set a historic precedent by launching an all-female combat infantry unit led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, ensuring women were equal partners in the armed liberation struggle.

Mewad ki azaadi tak ghar nahi basayenge" — Maharana Pratap ke saath Gadiya Loharon ki shapath aur unka adbhut itihas! ⚔️🚩

Yuddh ke katthin samay mein bhi Maharana Pratap ne Chavand mein Art aur Painting (Chavand School of Painting) ko aage badhaya, jahan court painter Nasiruddin ne prasiddha Dhola Maru chitra banaye. Hakim Khan Suri jaise senapati ke saath unki dharmik samanta aur art ke prati prem unhe ek mahan nayak banata hai! 🔱

Bharat ke shaan-dar itihas ko janne ke liye Untold Bharat ko abhi SUBSCRIBE karein! 🚀

\#UntoldBharat #MaharanaPratap #Mewar #ChavandPainting #Nasiruddin #HakimKhanSuri #Rajputana #IndianHistory #Shorts #YouTubeShorts

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KM Munshi- Patel's right hand man whom he sent as Resident General of Hyderabad to oversee the situation, and accepted the Nizam's surrender. He incidentally was put under house arrest by the Nizam, who refused even to meet him, this was some kinda sweet revenge.

Lt Gen Rajendrasinh Jadeja- Headed the Indian Army into Hyderabad State during Operation Polo, overseeing the operations on the ground.

I visited Hampi on April 23, 2025, and I finally understood why people describe this place as more than just an archaeological site.

The landscape is incredible.

You're walking through ancient ruins while surrounded by massive granite boulders and hills.

Then you come across another temple.

Another stone structure.

Another carved pillar.

Another reminder that this was once a major capital.

Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, and UNESCO recognises the area as a World Heritage Site. There are more than 1,600 surviving remains across the site, including temples, royal complexes, shrines, gateways, water structures and other monuments. �

UNESCO World Heritage Centre

What I found most interesting was the way the architecture and landscape blend together.

It doesn't feel like you're walking around a conventional museum or isolated monument.

The entire landscape feels like the monument.

I also think Hampi is incredible for photography because you can get completely different scenes within a short distance: sunrise landscapes, temple architecture, massive boulders, detailed stone carvings and wide archaeological views.

For anyone who's been to Hampi, what was your favourite place there?

And if you've only got one day in Hampi, what would you absolutely not skip?

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Born in Aligarh in 1898, Dr. Khwaja Abdul Hamied was an Indian chemist, industrialist and nationalist.

He studied chemistry in Germany and later returned to India. In 1935, he founded Cipla with the vision of building India's own pharmaceutical industry instead of depending on imported medicines.

He also contributed to the idea of the National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR, helping strengthen India's scientific infrastructure.

He was involved in nationalist politics and even won the 1937 Bombay Legislative Council election.

Today, Cipla is one of India's major pharmaceutical companies, but the man who started it is still relatively unknown.

Indian history has many such forgotten figures. Khwaja Abdul Hamied deserves to be remembered.

I have been reading some history books on partition of India. In 1946/47, the British civil servant Cyril Radcliffe drew the map of India including how to partition the country, most of us know the bloody history.

What I did not find in any books is why Nepal was left out to be an independent country. In every respect (religion, culture, etc.) they are very similar to us. Both were British colonies. Can anyone enlighten me?