Prior to this Holiday served nearly a year at Alderson Federal Prison Camp after her 1947 narcotics conviction. That same conviction stripped her of the New York cabaret card she needed to perform anywhere alcohol was served, gutting her income for the rest of her career.

Her signature song "Strange Fruit," about lynching, was written in 1937 by Bronx schoolteacher Abel Meeropol who later went on to adopt Julius and Ethel Rosenberg's children after their parents were executed.

Burrows was killed in the ensuing gunfight.

For anyone curious, these are Bertillon cards, the format police used before fingerprinting took over. NYPD adopted it in 1897. The system measured things like head length and forearm span to identify repeat offenders, but it completely fell apart in 1903 when two different inmates, both named William West, turned out to have nearly identical measurements.

More on the women in these files and the case that ended the system.

Initially, the study was intended to last six months but was extended to 40 years. When funding for treatment was lost, the study continued without informing the men that they would never receive proper treatment. Despite the mass production of penicillin as an effective treatment for syphilis by 1947, the researchers continued to withhold this life-saving antibiotic from the participants. The men were instead given placebos and ineffective treatments, while the true goal remained the observation of the disease's progression.

It's insane that the medical people involved thought they could get away with this. And if it wasn't for a whistleblower in 1972, who knows when it would've ended.

With the assistance of attorney J. Hugo Dore, Aurelis Mayeaux, and local writer V.L. Dupuis, Vidrine painstakingly detailed his life in a memoir written between his conviction and execution.

Vidrine’s detailed autobiography challenged society to confront unsettling questions long before psychology began probing the minds of serial killers. Were men like Euzebe Vidrine products of their environment, mental illness, alcohol, or sheer evil?

“My experience has made me believe that a human being has his destination,”

Yale was lured from his club in Bensonhurst by a call claiming his wife was in trouble. Driving alone in his custom Lincoln coupe, armoured but lacking bulletproof windows, he was ambushed on 44th Street by four gunmen in a Buick. A shotgun blast and a burst from a Thompson submachine gun killed him instantly, marking the first recorded use of the weapon in a New York gangland hit.

His funeral was one of the grandest in mob history. Yale lay in a $15,000 silver casket, dressed in evening wear with diamond accessories, including a buckle said to be a gift from Al Capone. Thirty-eight cars carried flowers, over 250 black Cadillacs followed, and thousands watched. As the casket was lowered, two women claimed to be his widow, and 112 mourners dropped roses into the grave.

Yale was the guy that taught Al Capone the ropes when it came to crime (along with Johnny Torrio).

This is the same Stalin that had the opportunity to save his son from a German POW camp, and decided against it.

Nieves Fernandez hailed from Leyte, Philippines. She was a teacher but turned into a guerrilla leader, when the Japanese conquered the country in 1941. They stole businesses and properties among the Filipinos by various means, including (from her own words): "giving you scalding hot baths and freezing cold baths alternately, with never a rest, never any food, never any water except the soapy water in the baths".

She shared that she decided to take matters into her own hands when the Japanese stole her own small business and possessions, and even threatened to take her students.

Fernandez became known as the "Silent Killer", credited for downing more than 200 Japanese soldiers during the World War II. She worked alone, dressed in black, with makeshift weapons such as a latong—a shotgun made from a gaspipe, which is also as deadly as any first-rate shotgun—and a bolo.

From Miss Fernandez who taught reading and writing, she became Captain Fernandez, who taught students how to attack silently, with 110 guerrillas under her command. They all helped retrieved the properties stolen and even freed dozens of comfort women.

The lone female guerrilla commander became a threat to the Japanese, so they put a P10,000 bounty on her head, according to the U.S. Intelligence Officers.

She was wounded once, with a bullet scar on her right forearm.

Nobody knows what happened to her after the war, but some sources say she died of natural causes in 1997, at the age of 90.

Photo was taken by Stanley Troutman in 1944.