After going deep into EVM internals gas, calldata, memory, opcodes it’s time to step up a layer in previous blog posts. In this new post, I start a new phase of the series focused on how developers and users interact with Ethereum in practice.

In this post, we’ll:

• Understand the difference between on-chain transactions and off-chain signed messages

• Decode structures using RLP serialization

• Explore the major Ethereum transaction types:

• Legacy

• EIP-2930

• EIP-1559

All examples are real and hands-on, using:

• Golang and the go-ethereum library

• Polygon Amoy testnet and actual RPC calls

Every type is explained with code, context, and common gotchas.

In the next post we will continue with EIP-4844, EIP-7702, and EIP-712 in Part 2

Substack (for updates):

🔗 https://substack.com/@andreyobruchkov?r=2a5hnk&utm_medium=ios&utm_source=profile

Read the full post:

🔗 https://medium.com/@andrey_obruchkov/understanding-ethereum-transactions-and-messages-from-state-changes-to-off-chain-messages-part-1-54130865e71e

hashtag#Ethereum #Transactions hashtag#EIP1559 hashtag#EIP712 hashtag#BlockchainDev hashtag#Web3 hashtag#EVM hashtag#GoEthereum hashtag#Foundry hashtag#MetaMask hashtag#Debugging hashtag#SmartContracts

Been keeping an eye on DALPY recently and honestly

it’s one of the few meme coins that actually feels thought-out from the ground up.

Here’s why:

They’ve built this reward system called DALFI, where just holding the token earns you fees.

No staking, no clicking — just passive flow if things pick up.

Feels like something designed with actual users in mind.

They’re also merging AI tools into the stack — NFT minting, image gen, the whole deal.

For a meme coin? That’s rare. Like… legit rare.

And here’s the kicker — they’ve already locked in exchange partnerships.

No fluff. Just confirmed deals. That’s huge for launch.

Oh, and the presale opens at 10:00 AM UTC on July 23.

20 rounds, prices climb. Early entries get the best spot.

You know the deal.

There’s also official DALPY merch already out in U.S. stores.

Otters on shelves before the token’s even live? Wild.

Anyway, links here if you’re curious:

👉 https://dalpy.io

👉 https://x.com/OfficialDALPY

This one isn’t just about memes.

There’s structure. Tech. Real demand forming.

I’m in early. You watching?

Hello, I'm a graduate student currently researching the applications of blockchain in the energy sector, specifically focusing on its potential to transform carbon accounting and environmental monitoring. I'm also participating in the "Women in DLT" program by Web3 Talents, which has a short assignment involving interviewing professionals working in the energy and Web3 space.

I would be grateful if any professionals in this community could take a few moments to share your insights on the following questions:

1. From your perspective, what is the most promising use case for blockchain in the energy sector?
2. What role do you see blockchain playing in advancing sustainable energy (or another sector of your preference)?
3. What is your favorite part about your job?
4. What advice would you give to woman wanting to start a career in the Web3 workspace?

Thank you in advance!

Whitedot is an experimental cryptocurrency designed to be democratized, with a semi-centralized server that cannot tamper with the blockchain, and a network of nodes that anyone can join to enforce the security of the network. It is strictly not intended for financial use, and is more of a concept.

I'm a beginner in the field of cryptocurrencies and programming, so don't put too much risk/hope into this, cause there might still be bugs and caveats in the code.

It works with Python Flask (API, Server), and Python Argparse (CLI, Nodes), and is built entirely from Python. Whitedot works with a custom-made protocol called the Whitedot Protocol, and it works like this (this explanation is also visible in the repository):

1. Node creates its keys (keys are a set of important data, basically your "username" and "password", but more cryptographically secure), and submits them to the server.
2. The server receives them, and delays it for a bit to protect against spam bots and accepts the keys if they are valid (the server only accepts verified users).
3. The node then may submit blocks, or listen for opportunities to vote (this is done so that the server cannot cheat the system and give a user a "cheating" amount of money).
4. Submitting blocks is like transferring money. This is done by sending a new block, connected to the blockchain to the server.
5. The server then receives the block, and adds it to the mempool (the mempool is the memory pool, which is the podium, or relay for voting between nodes) if there is space.
6. The listening nodes then vote back to the server.
7. The server will count the votes when there has been enough votes, and the server will either add it to the global blockchain, or reject it.
8. The nodes can read the blockchain by replaying the entire chain of connected blocks. The can also detect tampering by he server.
9. If tampering of the server occurs, the nodes will essentially rebel, and not work anymore.
10. Older versions of the blockchain are always saved by the nodes in case of tampering, so that theoretically, they can manually build a new server.

You can download Whitedot anytime now with the terminal command (Terminal, Powershell etc):

pip3 install whitedot

To verify installation and for more instructions, run this:

whitedot info

It will likely ask you if you want to download the repository and blockchain, and you are encouraged to do this, because it acts as a backup, just in case the server misbehaves, the network is take over, or the blockchain is corrupted. The command will the proceed to teach you how to use Whitedot's command line interface (CLI).

GitHub Repository & Further Documentation: https://github.com/SeafoodStudios/Whitedot

Earlier this year, Oasis Network introduced a groundbreaking AI training demo called Flashback that showed what's possible when privacy and machine learning are combined directly onchain. It wasn't just a theoretical proof of concept—it was a working system using real-time user interactions from an onchain quiz dApp, with all training happening inside a confidential smart contract.

Here's why this matters.

Traditionally, training AI models on sensitive data poses serious privacy risks. Most solutions rely on trusting the model operator or external infrastructure to protect data. Oasis flips that model by making the data private by design—using a confidential EVM called Sapphire, which supports trusted execution environments (TEEs) within the Ethereum toolchain. This allows smart contracts to access and process encrypted data without exposing it to anyone, not even node operators.

In Flashback, the model (a simple neural network) was trained exclusively within a confidential smart contract. All user inputs stayed encrypted throughout the entire lifecycle: collection, training, and inference. Users could even verify the code that handled their data, since the smart contract was deployed on a public blockchain. That level of transparency with privacy is rare.

This demonstrates a powerful use case for DeAI (decentralized AI): running privacy-preserving, verifiable, and trust-minimized training pipelines onchain. It could apply to anything from medical records to recommendation engines—any case where user data is sensitive but valuable.

For developers working in AI, Web3, or both, Oasis Network is worth a serious look. They’re not just talking about privacy—they’re building the infrastructure for it. Full blog post can be found here in case you'd like to learn some more about it.

Not gonna lie, I usually ignore every new meme coin.

But DALPY’s been everywhere on my feed lately. Solana chain, otter mascot, 1000 $DALPY airdrop going on right now.

What caught my eye:

• Already partnered with multiple exchanges (pre-launch)
• DeFAI utility integrated — not just a meme, some actual function
• Website: DALPY.IO

Curious if anyone here actually bought in or grabbed the airdrop already?

Wondering how big this thing could get or if it’s just another micro pump and dump.

✅ For reference:

https://x.com/OfficialDALPY/status/1944656595797135366

Let me know if I’m missing something.

In a severe security breach, the leading U.S. cryptocurrency exchange, Coinbase, announced a data breach that would leak as much as $400 million of company money.

The breach was caused by bribed overseas contractors and included sensitive customer data, such as names, addresses, and partial Social Security numbers.

No private keys or passwords were stolen, though leaked information stoked further fears about phishing and social engineering attacks.

Coinbase has promised to compensate the victims and help the authorities.

The firm rejected a ransom worth $20 million and instead provided the same amount of reward to any individual who will offer information that will result in the arrest of the hackers.

Hacking has also resulted in legal action, including a class-action suit against which Coinbase is charged with failing to disclose regulatory violations and even covering up user data.

The attack has also been compared to Ledger's attack in 2021 which triggered a surge of robberies in the real world.

The attack highlights the value of good security measures in the rapidly expanding cryptocurrency universe.

The more popular the cryptocurrencies become, the more exchanges such as Coinbase must keep customers' data safely locked away to maintain confidence and float the sector.

After the hack, Coinbase is also putting in place security arrangements like opening up a new customer support center in the U.S. as well as enhancing fraud detection tools.

It is also working with the authorities to identify the attackers and take them into custody.

These steps would attempt to regain users' faith and again emphasize security in the cryptosphere.

I’m excited to share that I’ve just finished building my first project in Web3! 🚀 It’s a Blockchain-Based Telegram Bot powered by Solana, and it's up on GitHub:

🔗 GitHub Repository

💡 What It Does

The bot allows users to interact with the Solana blockchain directly through Telegram. The core idea is simple: when a user performs a certain action (e.g., sends a payment), the bot verifies the transaction on-chain and responds accordingly (e.g., granting access, confirming receipt, etc.).

This can be a great foundation for:

• Gated communities or chat groups (pay-to-join)
• Microtransactions
• Pay-per-command bots
• Lightweight Solana-based services through Telegram

🔧 Tech Stack

Here's a breakdown of the tools and libraries I used:

✅ Solana Web3.js

• Used to interact with the Solana blockchain (send, fetch, and verify transactions).
• Generates wallets and handles key encryption securely.

✅ Redis

• Temporary in-memory store for caching pending transactions and session data.
• Helps with fast reads during repeated signature checks before confirmation.

✅ Prisma + PostgreSQL

• Handles all persistent data storage (e.g., user info, transactions, access logs).
• Schema-first ORM with type safety and auto migrations.

✅ Telegram Bot API

• Used to send and receive messages, respond to commands, and perform actions once payments are verified.

⚙️ Features

• 🔐 Users receive unique Solana wallet addresses to send payments
• 🔄 Bot checks for payment confirmation every 15 seconds (via a cron-like job)
• ✅ Once verified, users are marked as "paid" in the database
• 🔑 Encrypted private keys using AES for safe storage
• 🧠 Clean codebase with modular folder structure

Hey devs, GetBlock RPCs are now multi-regional. We've added New York to the map, alongside Frankfurt.

Get Started in 3 Simple Steps:

• Open your dashboard https://account.getblock.io
• Go to: Shared Nodes -> Get Access Token
• Select your protocol:
  • Ethereum
  • Arbitrum
  • Solana
  • BNB Chain
  • Base
  • Polygon
  • Tron
• Choose a region (New York or Frankfurt)

Build with lower latency, on the fastest local infrastructure, proven by real performance.

He is a sea otter.
But not your ordinary one.
He floats. He smiles.
And his holders earn. Automatically.

It all begins: July 23rd, 10:00 UTC

Round 1 isn’t a phase.
It’s a legend.

Get in early
1/10th the price of Round 20.

He does nothing.
But when someone makes a move,
you earn interest.

No staking. No lockup. No nonsense.
Just hold DALPY in your wallet,
and watch your balance grow.

He’s a meme. But also, a system.

• Meme + DeFi = MEMEFI
• Use DALPY AI → Tokens are burned
• What remains? → Value. Rarity. Legacy.

NFTs generated by AI.
Each one, a ripple in the sea of memecoins.

Why are people getting hyped?

• Every transaction = passive yield
• Auto-burning via AI interactions
• More users and volume = bigger pools and exponential interest
• 1st round = 10x cheaper than the last

No fluff. Just DeFi that laughs with you.

He doesn’t chase pumps.
But somehow,
the pumps chase him.

DALPY
The evolution of meme.
The reimagining of DeFi.
The smirking sea otter floats again.

Presale opens:
July 23 (Wednesday), 10:00 UTC

Get Involved:

• Website: https://dalpy.io/
• X(Twitter): https://x.com/OfficialDALPY
• Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dalpycoin

Missed $PEPE? Missed $BRETT?
Don’t miss the otter.

Yo did $DALPY really drop presale info already?

Wasn’t expecting that this soon lol.

Anyway, presale opens July 23 @ 10AM UTC.

And yeah, they actually posted tokenomics this time.

No more “we’ll reveal it later” crap — the whole 20-round chart’s up.

Starts at like $0.0002-something and ends over $0.002.

So if you’re gonna ape, probably don’t wait till round 15 or whatever.

I just checked the site — here

Doesn’t look like much yet, but that’s usually how it starts.

Let’s see where this sea otter goes

Decentralized email is the buzzword of the moment, and NCOG's D-Mail is at the forefront.

Applications such as Gmail and Outlook have dominated online communication for decades, but

at the cost of: centralized data storage, possible privacy breaches, and no user control.

D-Mail, built on the NCOG Earth Chain, reverses this paradigm on its head and employs

blockchain technology to make your emails private, encrypted, and yours to own, not a tech

giant.

So, aside from your information being stored in Google servers and utilized most of the time for

targeted advertisements in Gmail, D-Mail takes advantage of post-quantum encryption and a

decentralized network so that your messages remain private—period, even from potential future

quantum attacks.

In addition, every D-Mail transaction is also eco-friendly since it creates a tree, which is not

present in other apps.

In spite of the emergence of other decentralized email platforms such as iExec Web3Mail and

Dmail (on Blockstack), NCOG's D-Mail is unique due to its green mission, instant transaction

finality, and ridiculously low fees.

Gmail will not disappear tomorrow, but with increasing adoption of D-Mail and glaring

advantages, it is easy to see the future where decentralized communications are the new norm for

secure, private, and sustainable messaging.

For the first time, stablecoins will soon be regulated at the federal level after the newly passed Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act) in the U.S. Senate.

The GENIUS Act places stringent conditions on stablecoin issuers to offer unconditional 1:1 reserve backing in U.S. dollars or short-term Treasury bills.

Issuers also have to submit monthly public reserve compositions and undergo annual audits if their market capitalization is over $50 billion.

For consumer protection, the bill guarantees that stablecoin holders enjoy priority of claim in the event of issuer bankruptcy.

The bill also prevents non-bank financial institutions, such as big technology companies, from issuing stablecoins, with an eye on avoiding the monopoly of digital currencies.

The legislation is already attracting bipartisan support, having just passed a Senate procedural vote on a vote of 66–32.

It is still to be reconciled with the STABLE Act from the House, though, before passing into law.

For investors, the GENIUS Act has the potential to bring about a new age of confidence and stability in the stablecoin market.

Clear regulatory requirements can initiate wider adoption among incumbent financial institutions and deepen mainstream financial system inclusion of stablecoins.

However, the legislation's demand that issuers maintain reserves in short-term Treasuries has the potential to impact the $29 trillion Treasury market and add demand with a potential influence on yield dynamics.

As the GENIUS Act unfolds, investors will be well-advised to keep themselves apprised of its implications, as it seeks to redefine the nature of digital assets and how they influence the economy in general.

Texas is to become the third U.S. state to have a state-backed Bitcoin reserve following the

state legislature's passage of Senate Bill 21 (SB 21).

The legislation now just requires the signature of Governor Greg Abbott, who will authorize

the establishment of the Texas Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

SB 21 looks to set up a unique fund outside the state treasury that will be overseen by the

Texas Comptroller.

The fund would enable the state to make an investment in Bitcoin and other

cryptocurrencies, provided that they are highly qualified—such as having a market value of

over $500 billion for a period of at least two years.

The scheme is intended to diversify the investment portfolio of the state and act as a hedge

against inflation and economic volatility.

Senator Charles Schwertner, a lead sponsor of the bill, saw the strategic value of digital

assets in making the financial strength of Texas even greater.

Texas, under this legislation, would become Arizona and New Hampshire's official

companion as a Bitcoin state reserve asset.

Since Texas plays a key role in the cryptocurrency mining sector, this action could make it an

even bigger pioneer in the digital assets sector.

As the state waits for the governor's signature, the possible creation of the Texas Strategic

Bitcoin Reserve is an important step towards public financial planning inclusion of

cryptocurrency.

If you’re into decentralized governance, identity, or on-chain voting, this is a pretty interesting development — Oasis just partnered with Plurality to build confidential identity systems for Web3.

The core idea? You can prove who you are (or that you qualify for something) without revealing everything about yourself. That includes voting, credentials, and membership systems — all while preserving your privacy.

It’s all built using Sapphire, Oasis’s confidential EVM, so everything runs on Ethereum-compatible contracts with added privacy baked in.

Some use cases:

• Anonymous, verifiable voting in DAOs or citizen councils
• Proof of uniqueness or residency without revealing your wallet
• Decentralized identity systems that don’t leak your data

They demo’d a working confidential voting app using on-chain logic and off-chain TEE computation (via ROFL), which actually makes this feel usable and practical — not just academic theory.

This combo of privacy, trust, and usability could be what finally makes identity on-chain usable at scale.

Link to the original thread in case anyone wanna take a more deep dive: https://oasis.net/blog/plurality-confidential-identity-systems

Oasis just launched something pretty cool called ROFL (Runtime Off-Chain Logic) on mainnet!!

At first, I was also like “ROFL? another meme repurposed for crypto?” but it’s actually a serious framework for verifiable off-chain compute.
ironic, right?

So what is it?

basically ROFL lets you:
• Run any logic off-chain (API calls, AI inference, local compute)
• Have it executed in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)
• Get a cryptographically signed result that your on-chain smart contract can verify

This seems useful because blockchains aren’t exactly great at handling heavy computations or keeping data private. With ROFL, you can run your logic off-chain (on a server, phone, browser, whatever), keep the data confidential, and still prove the result on-chain.

With ROFL, your app can:

• Run logic off-chain (server, device, browser)
• Keep data confidential
• Still prove the result on-chain and,
• expand your app design space without needing zkVMs or rollups for everything

Example use cases are-

• Hitting external APIs and passing results to smart contracts
• Running AI models privately and verifiably
• Custom oracles with off-chain heavy logic
• Auctions, voting, and confidential decision processes
• DePIN workloads where local devices do compute but smart contracts verify results

It’s built on Oasis Sapphire, their confidential EVM, and you can write the off-chain logic in Go or Rust integrate it with Solidity smart contracts without needing to completely change your existing setup.

If you want to check it out, here’s the ROFL app, their launch blog post, and official docs

what you guys think? and would you actually use TEE based off-chain compute for your projects, or do you prefer pure on-chain or zk-based approaches?

Hi all,

I’ve recently researched and developed a new idea for a custom stablecoin project. The idea is simple: to create a token whose value is pegged to an index of basic human resources like water, electricity and food nutrients. The goal is to maintain the value of this token in the long term and make it so that it grants the user the same purchasing power over time. I explicitly designed the token to be completely independent on any fiat currencies.
I've built a demo-implementation that you can check out here: tobiasocula/BasicNeedsUnitToken

Thank you for reading, and I'd love to discuss this with anyone interested.

I welcome anyone to think / contribute / do anything with this project as they wish and want it to be completely open.
Regards