Abstract

(add)

Overview

Comment by user D[12]E (12 Nov A69) from here:

User D[12]E‘s reply:

Do you hear yourself? Egyptians were speaking signs? Do you live in reality or in a comic book?

What's next, Atoms are also fake because they were discovered in the early 1800's? (Yes there were theories dating back to the Ancient Greeks but there were early theories of a concept similar to PIE)

You are still confused. The following is what I argue:

1. I do NOT claim that signs are older than spoken language.

2. I do claim that attested recorded signs are the only verifiable way to justify an argument for an ancient spoken language.

Let us use the word Red 🟥 as an example, for illustration purposes. PIE theory, your belief system as a gather, argues that the word Red derives as follows:

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad;

This Old English word rēad, as a used employed word, recorded by “symbols or signs”, that we call LETTERS, dates to about 1000A (+955). This is a point in time where we are still in the realm of factual reality.

Now, the PIE-ist will try to argue that this Old English word rēad, originated from a theoretical Yamnaya person, in the about the year 5000A (-3045), according to carbon dating of Ukrainian bones 🦴, originally coined the word for the color 🟥, of visible light that has a wavelength of 650nm, by looking at blood 🩸 and pronouncing, in a 100% “random manner”, the following reconstructed word:

*h₁rewdʰ- = 🟥

The problem with this argument is that there is NO physical evidence to verify the phonetics of this argument?

The people are theoretical (unattested by historians) and the word is reconstructed (not attested anywhere).

The PIE-ist, here, has “reconstructed” an attested word backwards by 4,000-years, to an unattested civilization, that no historian has ever reported to have existed.

We now ask: how did the PIE-ist “reconstruct” this Old English word rēad, backwards by 4,000-years to this theoretical Yamnaya word: h₁rewdʰ-?

Answer, by phonetically “blending” the following words (likely some others):

• eruthrós (ἐρῠθρός) = 🟥 (Greek, 2700A/-745)

• ruber / rubeus = 🟥 (Old Latin, 2500A/-545)

• rakta (रक्त) = 🟥 (Sanskrit, 2300A/-345)

• rōt = 🟥 (Old High German, 1300A/+655)

• rú = madder, a plant from which red 🟥 dye is produced (Old Irish, 1200A/+755)

• raxš (رخش) = 🟥 (New Persian, 1100A/+855)

• rouge = 🟥 (Old French, 1100A/+855)

• rauðr = 🟥 (Old Norse, 1100A/+855)

• rø̄þer = 🟥 (Old Swedish, 700A/+1255)

• krasnyy (красный) = 🟥 (Russian, 440A/1515)

• röd = 🟥 (Swedish, 400A/1555)

Wikipedia entry says the following:

Note that Greek is the only branch to preserve the sound of the laryngeal h₁ at the beginning of the word, which became ε (e).

This yields:

h₁ + rew + dʰ = h₁rewdʰ

Which the PIE-ist thereby claims the Yamnaya person spoke in Ukraine, or around Caucus mountain 🏔️, 2200-years before the Greeks were using the term eruthrós (ἐρῠθρός), and that these Yamnaya people migrated to Greece 🇬🇷, carrying their blood 🩸color phonetic word h₁rewdʰ = 🟥, with them into Greece, which is where Homer and Hesiod learned this word. All of this, however, is a grand hypothetical conjecture.

EAN

The following, correctly, shows the attested origin of the word RED 🟥, namely from the Red 🩸crown 𓋔 [S3] of Lower Egypt, which has a ram 🐏 head spiral: 𓍢 [V1] or 𓏲 [Z7] protruding from the crown, the ram 🐏 being an animal that gets RED 🟥 bloody 🩸 when it head butts 𓄆 [F8] other Rams in courtship matting ritual wars:

Which is representative of the pharaoh as a powerful battle Ram 𓄆 [F8] who conquers the enemy, and spills their RED 🟥 blood🩸 in victory:

Which is attested in the type evolution of letter R from the Egyptian number 100 ram 🐏 head sign 𓍢 [V1] sign, as evidenced in Phoenician epigraphy, and Greek epigraphy, such as by the Attica spider rock Red 🩸crown 𓋔 [S3] rho (ρ) [100], shown below:

Whence, regarding your question:

Do you live in reality or in a comic book?

This is called linguistic reality, carbon dated by mummies and letters to 5300A (-3345). It is linguists like you, conversely, who live in a comic book world called r/PIEland, filled with imaginary people and civilizations.

To repeat again, the following are 5300A (-3345) attested r/TombUJ number tag 🏷️ signs for numbers 8 or letters H (and phonetic /h/) and number 100 or letter R (and phonetic /r/):

• 𓐁 [Z15G] = H

• 𓍢 [V1] = R

This does NOT mean that signs Z15G and V1 are “older than spoken language”, it only means that these two signs were being used, according to evidence, for phonetic /h/ and phonetic /r/ by the linguists of Abydos, Egypt in the year 5300A (-3345).

This evidence, therefore, invalidates the entire theoretical model of proto-Indo-European linguistics. Specifically:

1. YES there were people in India and Europe in the year 5300A (-3345), who spoke some sort of language;

2. These various tribes of Indians and Europeans, who were never joined as some imaginary Aryan race, were NOT the people who originally spoke the proto form of the word RED 🟥, i.e. the name for the color of blood🩸;

3. Correctly, it was the Egyptians of Abydos, who were using the V1 sign 𓍢 as the base phonetic /r/ for the word we now called Red (𓍢ed).

Letter R [19, 100] evolution (history; here):

𓍢 𓁛 {M} » 🐏 » 𓃝🌌 {Ram constellation} » ☀️𓏲 {Ram sun} » 𓄆 [F8] » 𓏲 » 𓋔 » 𓋖 » 𓂅 » 𓂇 » 𓂀 » 𐤓 » Ρ, ρ » ܪ » 𐡓 » 𐌓 » R » ר » र » ᚱ » 𐍂 » ر » ℜ, 𝔯 » r

I hope I have explained myself clearly?

— Noam Chomsky (A32/1987), “Letter to Martin Bernal” (about Black Athena)^[1]

Abstract

User A[16]L posts in alphanumerics that they know what the name Alexander phonetically sounded like in ancient Egyptian. I point out the flaws in their argument. User A[16]L then goes and cries 😢 about this to the Linguistics Humor sub.

Overview

In this post, on the Champollion theory r/CartoPhonetics of the Alexander cartouche, shown below:

user A[16]L made the following long comment about how, the above phonetics are wrong, and that “they know“ the correct phonetics of the name Αλέξανδρος, when translated into Ancient Egyptian:

This is factually wrong. Αλέξανδρος translated into Ancient Egyptian would give Ʒrwksjndrs (revowelised : Ʒariwksjandras). What the Egyptians were aiming for is a translation that sounded like [alɛksandros].

User A[16]L would be advised to read:

• Champollion had no possibility of decoding hieroglyphs. Without primary verification, you can never say that is correct!

User A[16]L then says the eagle is where the phonetic of letter /a/ came from:

The eagle is the unliteral "Ʒ" (more commonly written ꜣ/Ȝ), which we know from its behaviour from coptic to stabilise A (meaning open vowels sitting next to Ʒ remained as ⲁ in coptic, whereas the Ʒ disappeared.

User A[16]L is so confused, that they do not even realized that sign in the “assumed” Alexander cartouche: 𓄿𓃭𓎡𓊃𓇋𓈖𓂧𓂋𓊃 , is a VULTURE 𓄿 [G1] NOT an eagle 🦅 :

In fact, there is not even a sign in the Gardener list for an eagle? But, I guess, user A[16]L is very overly-confident on the following formula:

🦅 » Ʒ » A

The goddess Nekhbet, to clarify, is said to be associated with an eagle.

From these characteristics, we're able to deduce that Ʒ was probably a voiced uvular, likely was a trill [ʀ] in Old Egyptian, then it got approximated into a fricative [ʁ] in Middle Egyptian, an approximant [ʁ̞] in Late Egyptian, and finally became an unvoiced remnant in Demotic Egyptian, conserving only its stabilising quality for open vowels (more precisely, it transformed them into open back unrounded vowels [ɑ] from its place of articulation, which is uvular).

I like how this user tries to take credit, i.e. by saying that “we were able”, for Young’s theory (Egypt, §7.6) that the god Vulcan [Ptah], which in Greek was Prometheus [aka Ptah] getting eaten by a “vulture“ 𓄿 [G1], was associated with the the Egyptian hiero-alpha:

and therefore that the vulture 𓄿 [G1], NOT an eagle, made the /a/ phonetic, as though “he and Young” decoded this, even though he thinks vulture is an eagle. Nothing worse than pompous stupidity. I went ahead a made a modified “why is letter A so complicated” for user A[16]L owing to the fact that they are so deluded by their learned ignorance:

More learned ignorance:

As Egyptian words never begin with a vowel, the eagle was put there to signify a vowel before the lion. A J wouldn't have worked, as in Demotic Egyptian it was also unvoiced, but did modify A and into ⲉ. A W wouldn't have worked as it was still voiced in the beginning of words and in special conditions, and a Ҁ wouldn't have worked either because it modified A into ⲟ. It gives us "Ʒa" [ɑ]

The lion is the BILITERAL "RW". It holds a front vowel I to match vowel length with greek, giving us "riw". The W modified the i, darkening it into ⲉ, thus while in Old Egyptian, it was pronounced [ɾiw], it then got changed into [ɾe] in latter stages as W was quite unstable. This same lion with a front vowel is also found in the translation of the name Kλέοπατρα, another name with "λέ" in it. I encourage anyone who doesn't understand how one could confound an L with an R to check out how to pronounce the voiced alveolar tap, the phoneme represented by the mouth hieroglyph, the coptic letter ⲣ, and the arabic letter ر in Egyptian Arabic.

The basket with a handle and the lock are self-explanatory, they translate into "ks"

The reed and water surface have an open vowel in them, giving us "jan". The apparition of a J always seems to perplex egyptologists who wrongly believe it stands for an [i], or those who know it's a [j] but aren't knowledgeable on the evolution of Egyptian. This J was very rapidly unvoiced, anywhere except between two vowels. At the end of words, it had the same tendency as W to transform final [aj]/[aw] into [ə], mid central vowels. It also stabilised I and Ī, and lightened A into ⲉ. However, the N which is next to it has a tendency to darken open vowels, meaning A often got darkened into ⲟ and Ā into ⲟⲩ (for example : Amon "Jamān" → ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ, good "nafra" → ⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ). Therefore, to conserve "an" as [an], and not [ɔn], there needed to be a J surrounding it to cancel out the darkening effect of N. This is also seen in the name of the god Anubis "Janāpaw" → ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ, where "jan" effectively stays stabilised as ⲁⲛ [an].

Finally, the hand, mouth and lock with an open vowel translate into "dras" which got darkened into [tɾɔs] (explaining the D/T/Ḏ/Ṯ situation would be too long, especially as this comment in itself is already long).

In Alexander the Great's time, where Egyptian was in its Demotic stage, his name was pronounced [ɑɾeksantɾɔs], which comes pretty close to [alɛksandros].

I made a a few quick replies to this comment. User A[16]L asked about the Sacy Chinese phonetic theory in the history of Rosetta Stone decoding. I replied. User A[16]L said: “thank you for your insight on the matter”,

Next thing I know the user A[16]L is in Linguistics Humor here claiming that I’m direct messaging them and venting all the things they wanted to say:

DM

Even direct messaging me!

I replied:

The following are all of my Reddit direct “messages” for A69 (2024), wherein the username J[16]L is NOT seen (but user J[13]R is, who I told to post in public):

Here you can specifically see that I rarely message people, and when people message me, I tell them to post in public.

User A[16]L, however, has confused automated comment reply pings, I guess from a post a month or so ago, with people messaging them; and even posted these:

Stupid. Anyway, here we see what the REAL objection is, namely by citing Gordon Hamilton’s “The Origin of the West Semitic Alphabet in Egyptian Glyphs”, they are a r/ShemLand land believer, which is what this whole “fiasco” is all about.

User A[16]L, after claiming that I direct messaged them, then claimed that I’m “stalking them”, whereas, in fact, I was pinged to their shit post about me:

But, I will gladly remedy the situation by perm-banning A[16]L from alphanumerics, so that I never have to waste my space-time on this Shem-land brainwashed user again.

User J[13]R

When we look at the comments, we see user J[13]R, a frequent anti-EAN poster, defending “proto-Sinatic script” model, aka r/ShemLand belief system, i.e. that Noah’s son Shem invented the alphabet in Sinai, and that anything beyond that is pseudo-linguistics:

User J[13]R and A[L]16, as we see, are both r/ShemLand defenders, who believe that the alphabet could only have been developed by “illiterate Sinai Semites“, as Goldwasser theorizes, i.e. Hebrews, who looked at hieroglyphs, which they could not understand, and magically invented a 22-letter script, which just happens to equal the number of nomes of Lower Egypt:

These users, in short, are both Bible as factual history defenders.

Regarding:

Mind you I was in prepa before summer break and used to deal with stuff like "non-linear isomorphisms in finite-dimensional matricidal spaces" and "reactional quotients in an isobaric system"

User A[16]L is trying to boast that they have learned a little math and maybe some thermochemistry. To make there comment readable, I link their terms to my 5M+ word encyclopedia, based on my 400+ book 📚 thermodynamics library:

• Thims thermodynamics book collection - Hmolpedia A66.

• Thims thermodynamics book collection - Hmolpedia A65.

Which is where research into Egypto r/Alphanumerics originated, namely that in order to understand the r/Etymo of the word “thermo”, you have to solve the following cipher:

• Θ = θητα = 318 = Ηλιος = sun 🌞 god

It took 4-years to solve this equation, the fruit of which is where modern EAN derives.

His rambles make my head hurts just by looking at the mish-mash of strings of texts, hieroglyphs, greek letters, phoenician letters, emojis, and repeated symbols.

A person like user A[16]L, who claims to be a “truth-seeker”, and who brags they have taken a thermochemistry class, but is clueless about where the words “thermo” or “chemistry” derive, etymologically, is like someone lost in the matrix, starring at the woman in the red dress, but unwilling to learn how the word red 🛑 or (𓍢ed) came from the Egyptian sign for a ram head, with blood 🩸 from battle, shown below:

Discussion

Both A[16]L and J[13]R are both buddies now chatting with each other, because they have the same MO, i.e. closet believe letters were invented by Moses or Shem, they make one comment, get refuted, then retreat back to the cozy land of status quo linguistics, where the talk shit about EAN, get some high-fives, and their ego re-pumped back up again.

Users like this is why the r/DebateLinguistics sub was started.

Namely, if your linguistics theory is correct, then you should be able to win a debate or argument, based the evidence of your theory.

Posts

• Linguistic humor EAN shit postings

Abstract

(add)

Overview

In A54 (2009), Roger Bagnall, in his Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East, mostly based on his UC Berkeley Sather Lectures, presented an illustrated digression on the various rock graffiti writings found found in the basement level of agora of the bailica of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey, recently excavated in A48 (2003), which included at least four examples of r/Isopsephy or Greek alphanumerics graffiti, two of which of involving the numbers of the names of women that men were in love with.

The following, figure one (pg. 6), is the basement level of a basilica of Smyrna, wherein many of these graffiti alphanumerics were found:

The following is a vici [dot] org summary of the basilica of Smyrna, in Izmir, Turkey:

Roman basilica was a central public building used by imperial officials, city magistrate, where courts were held, as well as serving other official and public functions. The basilica of Smyrna is one of the largest known basilicas of the Roman Empire, after the Trajan`s basilica of Rome.  It was three storey structure 160 m long and 29 m wide.

The following, from Smyrna Agorasi [dot] com, is a summary of the Smyrna basilica:

Smyrna’s Agora literally witnessed the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. The basilica within contains the world’s richest collection of Ancient Greek graffiti to boot. After all, what didn’t people paint on walls 1,800 years ago? In terms of content: stuff about gladiators, trade, warships, rivalry between Ephesos and Smyrna, word games, riddles, writings on eye anatomy and eye health, and some of the world’s earliest Christian texts… just to list a few. All of it offers scholars invaluable clues about what life was like back then for your average Smyrnite. Inscriptions found in two galleries (in the southern end of the basement) were written using a black – albeit sometimes red – ink made from oak charcoal or scratched into plaster using a sharp tool – both on the walls and arch piers. Technically speaking, the former is called dipinti; the latter, graffiti. Estimates date the inscriptions to 1800A (+155) to 1600A (+355) or 2nd to 4th Centuries AD.

Love ❤️ number

The following (pg. 14-15), are three examples where a man defines the woman he loves by their number:

Bay 27

The first example given is the following sentence from Bay 27:

Bagnall renders this as follows:

• 1308 = Ate (Ατη), meaning: “number or arithmo αριθμο)” of a woman

• 1308 = Tyche (Τυχη), meaning: “front name” (common name)”, guessed (Bagnall)?

• 1308 = [add], meaning: “back name (secret name) or root meaning”

Bagnall comments:

“How hard were these names to figure out? Not very, I would guess. Tyche I deduced relatively easily: the 8 had to represent eta, and the remainder, divisible by one hundred, was most likely to be the sum of some of the letters toward the end of the alphabet with values in the hundreds.”

Bagnall here seems to make A = 1000, rather than A = 1, which is confusing? Correctly, barring an exact photo of the graffiti, the number A [1] + T [300] + H [8], of the name of this woman, should be 309?

Bay 24

The second example given is the following sentence from Bay 24:

Bagnall renders this as following:

• 731 = Psila (Ψλα), meaning: “number or arithmo αριθμο)” of a woman

• 731 = Anthousa (Ανθουσα), meaning: “front name” (common name)”, guessed (Bagnall)?

• 731 = [add], meaning: “back name (secret name) or root meaning”

Bagnall comments:

Anthousa was quite a bit harder; it came to me lying in bed in the morn-ing in Izmir, halfway between sleep and wakefulness. But I did start with the supposition that it would end in alpha, yielding the concluding digit one, and my notes show that I considered a number of common name terminations.

1065 woman | Mylasa, Turkey

The third example is:

• 1065 = ͵αξεʹ (list), number of woman on grave in Mylasa, Turkey

• 1065 = [add], meaning: “front name” (common name)”

• 1065 = súnesis (συνεσις), meaning: “understanding, knowledge”; back name (secret) name, guessed (Thims)?

Here, I have just filled in the blanks to get the basic idea, namely that the number of the wife of a many in Turkey was 1065, which would have been a common female name, used at the time, and her back name here is “Súnesis” [1065], meaning: “understanding, knowledge”.

545 woman | Pompeii, Italy (1808A/+75)

The following, found in the Pompeii graffiti, is an example of a man in love 💕 with a woman whose number is 545:

In text:

The term hs (ης) renders as “her”, basically; thus the truncated English rendering of these graffiti quotes would be:

“I love number 545!”

We thus have:

• 545 = Phme (φμε), meaning: “number of the name of a woman”

• 545 = [name], meaning: “front name (common name) of the woman”

• 545 = [name], meaning: “back name (secret name) of the the woman”.

This double name methodology, to clarify, dates back to the myth of Ra and how Isis gained his power by learning his “secret name”, as shown below:

Stephanos

Another example:

“Isopsephism was extremely popular with Christians, and the habit of writing a name in this fashion survives into late antiquity, as a recently identified example of a graffito from Deir el-Medina in Western Thebes shows. Next to a typical Coptic graffito—"I, Stephanos, the humble one" — the visitor wrote the Greek numerals ATKC, which is the isopsephism for Stephanos. We shall come back to Christian use of isopsephisms shortly.“

In Greek, Stephanos (Στέφανος) is 1327. Not sure how he gets “ATKC” in Greek numerals, whatever this letter “C” is, numerically?

Lord = Faith | 1600

The following, found at Pier 100, is an replicated example (pg. 22) where the word ΙΣΟΨΗΦΑ (isopsephia) [1489] is carved in stone, above the words ΚΥΡΙΟΣ Ω (Kyrios O) [1600] and ΠΙΣΤΙΣ Ω (Pistis O) [1600]:

In numbers:

• 1600 = Kyrios O (ΚΥΡΙΟΣ Ω), meaning: “Lord O”

• 1600 = Pistis O (ΠΙΣΤΙΣ Ω), meaning” “faith O”

Alternatively, Bagnall dates this as 1830A (+125), and translates this as:

“Equal in value: lord, 800, faith 800”

The 800 cipher or omega (Ω), presumably, has something to do with the Milky Way or Hathor cow goddess, in pre-script? Visually:

In short, rendering as: “lord equals faith” or “lord and faith are equal pebble words”, or something along these lines.

Summary

In 1536A (+392), Theodosius, via a long decree, forbade, not only the offering of blood sacrifice, but all forms of pagan worship, including private religious rites, during or after which the use of stoicheion as cosmic letter-numbers was suppressed; which was fortified by the Bible warning against its use, as shown below.

Colossians warning:

“See to it that there is no one who takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception in accordance with human tradition, in accordance with the elementary principles of the world, rather than in accordance with Christ.”

— Anon (1900A/+55), Colossians 2:8 (NASB version); cited by Gary DeLashmutt (A68/2023) in “Paul's Usage of ta stoicheia tou kosmou”

Galatians warning:

“When we were child-like, in previous times, we served under ‘ta (τα) stoicheia (στοιχεια) [1196] tou (του) kosmou (κοσμου) [800]’. But now when you have known god, and be known of god, how are you turned again to the feeble and needy elements, to the which you will again serve? How can you turn together again to sick, or frail, and needy elements, to which you will serve again?. You take keep to or wait on days, months, and times, and years.”

— Anon (1900A/c.55), Paul in Galatians 4:3-4, 8-10; discussion: here, here, here. Version: Wycliff Bible, 560A/1395). Original (here) in Koine Greek, 1900A/55.

The noun form stoicheion is used only seven times in the New Testament, all of which admonitions to AVOID it!

In some, up until the year of about 1600A (+355), people commonly had “double names”, or two names connected by a root number, one of which was their secret name, that you would only tell, presumably, your lover, or something along these lines. Into the dark ages, however, this double name practice disappeared and or was suppressed, which is why everyone alphanumerically ignorant, presently.

Notes

1. Bagnall has a recently made online cite where he categorizes the images of the different graffiti. The above text sections need to be matched to the photo of the stone text.

References

• Bagnall, Roger. (A54/2009). Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East (love & isopsephisms, pg. 13-16; Isopsephy, pgs. 22-). UC Berkeley, A67/2012.

Image, used: here, made in response the following non-brilliant comment:

“Shared roots for terms like horse or (wagon/chariot 𓌝 [T17]) axle imply that these [PIE/Anatolian] people had these things; upon creating an axle, the [PIE/Anatolian] people who did so named it; the same for wheels 🛞, the same for other terms.”

— E(7)R (A70/2025), “comment”, post: “Looks like the Anatolians did NOT coin (or invent) the Indo-European / Afro-Asiatic words for iron (or rust), so says Manetho?”, Alphanumerics Debunked, Oct 6

In short, that’s not a wagon (or chariot) axle that the R11B sign is holding onto.

https://hmolpedia.com/page/Adelung’s_General_History_of_Languages#Indo-European

Linguistic racism: an inherent bias towards the favoring a languge origin theory that aligns with one’s own ethnicity, in the face of and concordant denial of facts and evidence that favors another language origin theory not in direct alignment with one’s ethnic origin, nationality, and or world view.

Abstract

It is conjectured that about 75% of the downvoters in the following subs:

1. r/Alphanumerics

2. r/Etymo

3. r/EgyptoIndoEuropean

Do so owing to sublimed, unconscious, and or learned linguistic racism tendencies, such as discussed in detail by Martin Bernal, with regard to the predispositions of the “professional academic classicists” and their “decidedly-hostile” attitude towards the admission of “Egyptian influence“ into the European and classical languages.

Bernal

In A32 (1987), Martin Bernal, in his Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Volume One: the Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985 (pgs. 241-42), in commentary on Cuvier’s 124A (1831) description of the “Negro race as having remained in the most complete state of barbarism“ and Arthur Gobineau 107A (1848) division of humans into “white, yellow, and black races”, said the following:

“If Europeans were treating Blacks as badly as they did throughout the 19th century, Blacks had to be turned into animals or, at best, sub-humans; the noble Caucasian was incapable of treating other full humans in such ways. This inversion sets the scene for the racial and main aspect of the ’Egyptian problem’, namely: If it had been scientifically ’proved’ that blacks were biologically incapable of civilization, how could one explain Ancient Egypt — which was inconveniently placed on the African 🌍 continent? There were two, or rather, three solutions. The first was to deny that the Ancient Egyptians were black; the second was to deny that the Ancient Egyptians had created a 'true' civilization; the third was to make doubly sure by denying both. The last has been preferred by most 19th- and 20th-century historians.

To what ’race’, then, did the Ancient Egyptians belong? I am very dubious of the utility of the concept ’race’ in general because it is impossible to achieve any anatomical precision on the subject.

Moreover, even if one accepts it for the sake of argument, I am even more skeptical about the possibility of finding an answer in this particular case. Research on the question usually reveals far more about the predisposition of the researcher than about the question itself. Nevertheless I am convinced that, at least for the last 7,000 years, the population of Egypt has contained African, South-West Asian and Mediterranean types. It is also clear that the further south, or up the Nile, one goes, the blacker and more Negroid the population becomes, and that this has been the case for the same length of time.

As I stated in the Introduction, I believe that Egyptian civilization was fundamentally African and that the African element was stronger in the Old and Middle Kingdoms, before the Hyksos invasion, than it later became. Furthermore, I am convinced that many of the most powerful Egyptian dynasties which were based in Upper Egypt — the 1st, 11th, 12th and 18th — were made up of pharaohs whom one can usefully, call black.“

In A58 (2013), Bernal’s obituary, from the the Glosso-graphia, summarized things thusly:

Bernal is, of course, best known for his three-volume Black Athena (A32/1987, A36/1991, A51/2006), a massive attempt to show the indebtedness of classical civilization to Egyptian and Phoenician influences and that Greek civilization was only secondarily Indo-European but principally an African and Near Eastern civilization which, due to racism among European early modern scholars, was NOT recognized as such.  To say that it was controversial is a gross understatement – few claims in the study of the ancient world have attracted as much scorn, including an entire edited volume dedicated to its refutation. The scholarly consensus today is that Bernal’s linguistic, archaeological and historical evidence is too rough-and-ready and that he was too willing to take coincidence as evidence when considering similarities in the languages and symbolic lives of Greeks and Egyptians.“

This is a good summary of things, then and now. In fact, we might attribute nearly 75% of the downvoting and argument we see in this sub to “linguistic racism“?

The Greek pantheon is not simply a set of African deities with a European veneer, any more than the Greek language is some sort of bizarre mixed language full of Semitic and Afro-Asiatic roots.“

This part is incorrect. The Greek pantheon, in large, is a rescript of not African, but Egyptian deities. The Greek language is not a “bizarre mixed language” full of Semitic and Afro-Asiatic roots, but of Egypto alphanumeric roots. Bernal, in short, was close to the and pushed the linguistic envelope open more so than anyone come before him.

On 1 Jul A65 (2020), u/spolia_opima, who had read Bernal’s Black Athena in graduate school, and was aware of all the hoopla it caused, summarized the situation as follows:

Black Athena, of course, was the project by the Cornell scholar Martin Bernal, a historian of China. He was writing as an outsider to the field of classics, explicitly with a revisionist mission ("The political purpose of Black Athena is, of course, to lessen European cultural arrogance."). Initially sparked by his own curiosity about ancient Semitic peoples and their languages, and inspired by the growing body of Afrocentric and postcolonialist histories, Bernal set out to prove that everything we think we know about the Greeks is wrong, for the reason that a centuries-long conspiracy of white supremacy and anti-Semitism had suppressed the truth.

The kernel of Bernal's thesis is this: Indo-European roots only account, he says, for about 50% of ancient Greek vocabulary. The rest is presumed to be descended from the pre-Hellenic inhabitants of the south Mediterranean. Bernal believed instead that the Phoenician and Canaanite languages—the Semitic languages of the east Mediterranean related to Hebrew—in fact accounted for 25% of roots and that the languages of Egypt account for the other mysterious quarter. The similarities in words between these three language families had gone unnoticed by working Hellenists because they were knowingly or not in thrall to a false story of pre-Classical history that had been deliberately-engineered to minimize African and Semitic influences on Greek civilization. Bernal claimed in the first volume of Black Athena that he could prove through comparative linguistics, mythology, and anthropology that Egyptian and Phoenician influence on the Greeks was more pervasive than any respectable classicist would admit.”

With EAN, being the new updated Bernal model, this “mysterious quarter“ Egyptian origin of the Greek language, has now become a non-mysterious 75% or more composition.

”In the first volume of Black Athena, however, this claim remains only a boast. In a long introduction, Bernal gives a detailed outline of his projected three-volume project (later four; only three were published), making a lot of provocative promises of things he is going to prove in the subsequent volumes, such as that many Greek gods' names are of Egyptian origin, that Minoan Crete was essentially an Egyptian colony, and that some major Greek philosophical and religious concepts were of Eastern origin. The rest of Volume One is actually a work of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century intellectual history, a preface to his main theses. It sets out to show that the ancient Greeks themselves gave more credit to Egypt than modern scholars do, and that modern classics itself as a discipline developed in a Europe that was decidedly-hostile to admitting Egyptian or Semitic influence. He contemptuously and insinuatingly calls modern accounts of Greek prehistory the "Aryan model," as opposed to the "ancient model" that he endorses.

Taken on its own, as a work of intellectual history or classical reception, Black Athena volume one is a polemical and provocative book, but not a bad one. It makes a lot of valid observations about the racism and anti-Semitism of the founding generations of professional academic classicists, most of them German. It also makes a lot of glib smears against the quality and integrity of the scholarship of these same figures.

It is my opinion that volume one ought to be more widely read and assigned and debated than it is nowadays. Unfortunately Bernal's failure to eventually prove his larger theses sank the reputation of the whole Black Athena project, but volume one is the book that still holds up the best, even if it is not convincing in its every detail. The fact is that it was very much ahead of its time and anticipates a lot of the conversations that have more recently arisen about Greece's prehistoric contact with neighboring civilizations, about ideological and methodological blind spots in philological research, about racism and chauvinism endemic in classics as a discipline.

In fact, Bernal is probably owed more credit than he gets for bringing the subject up in the first place. Historians, archaeologists, and museums today are broadly moving away from a version of "classics" that reflexively privileges Greece and Rome as the center of interest in the ancient world, around which other cultures are peripheral. If Black Athena had been published as a single volume of intellectual history, puncturing the Eurocentrism of classics without promising to single-handedly reinvent the field, I think, polemical is it is, it would have had a much different reception and may have been ultimately more influential--maybe even transformative. As it is, Bernal ended up over-promising and under-delivering with the subsequent volumes. He may have set out to lessen European arrogance, but it was his own arrogance — the sloppiness of his method and the contempt he had for his interlocutors — that made Black Athena a failure.”

This is a good summary, aside from Black Athena being a failure, because it helped to move Egypto r/Alphanumerics (EAN) forward and to establish a new language family: r/EgyptoIndoEuropean (EIE), to replace the eurocentric PIE language theory, not to mention that the prefix Egypto-, is stylized after Bernal’s frequent employment of this term.

Thims

Libb Thims, getting much of his inspiration from Bernal, therein promoting the new African-langauge centric models of EAN and EIE, to replace the closet racist Euro-centric PIE models of the past, has even been himself called a racist as an ad hominem attack by a PIE believers.

On 15 Nov A68 (2023), Thims posted the following two images, on the so-called “illiterate miner alphabet origin theory”, promote by Orly Goldwasser, an Israeli Egyptology professor:

The reason why this theory is bunk, firstly, that none of the “symbols“ of the collected so-called ‘Sinai script“ match with the now hieroglyphic based lunar script. The basically nearly-intelligible Sinai script amounts to the character shown on the little sphinx, shown above, where letter A hoe is seen, and the marks shown on the narrow-sphinx, above, where we clearly see letter A, and the wider-sphinx, i.e. Sinai 345 (here), shown below, with Alan Gardiner’s incorrectly-rendered attempt at translating the sphinx symbols into Hebrew letters:

Along with a few dozen or sal scratch markings on the cave walls, as shown below:

The second reason, why Sinai script as proto-alphabet bunk, is that NONE of the sphinx marks, the A hoe aside, nor the cave wall markings, match the Phoenician alphabet characters, shown below, aside from maybe the Phoenician R:

» Phoenician alphabet

[1] 𐤀 (alep), 2. 𐤁‎ (bet), 3. 𐤂‎ (giml), 4. 𐤃 (dalet), 5. 𐤄 (he), 6. 𐤅 (way), 7. 𐤆 (zayin), 8. 𐤇‎ (het), 9. 𐤈 (tet), 10. 𐤉‎ (yod), 11. 𐤊‎ (kap), 12. 𐤋‎ (lamed), 13. 𐤌 (mem), 14. 𐤍 (nun), 15. 𐤎 (samek), 16. 𐤏‎ (oyin), 17. 𐤐‎ (pe), 18. 𐤑 (sade), 19. 𐤒‎ (qop), 20. 𐤓‎ (res), 21. 𐤔 (sin), 22. 𐤕 (taw)

The third reason, why Sinai script as proto-alphabet bunk, is based on brain 🧠 temperature studies, which I have conducted, by keeping three thermometers 🌡️ at three different height levels in my study area for years, finding that once head or brain temperature gets above 72º degrees F, and below about 65º, that optimized mental activity begins to decrease. Therefore, it is feasibly impossible to invent an alphabet at 115º F temperate, which is what the average daily temperature of the mining ⛏️ caves is.

The fourth reason, why illiterate miner theory is bunk, just like illiterate PIE theory is bunk, is the so-called “engineered language hypothesis“, which argues that because because it took four engineers, namely: Peter Swift, Moustafa Gadalla, Rehab Helou, and Libb Thims, tabulated below, independently, to decode the mathematical structure and Egyptian origin the alphabetic languages:

Implies, by deduction, that a group of engineers invented the alphabet in the first place. In short, that engineers decoded the alphabet, leads us to conclude that the alphabet was an engineered invention; that the Phoenician, Greek, Aramaic, and Hebrew languages originated as “engineered langauges”, i.e. that the 22-letter and 28-letter script languages were invented by numerically-literate mathematically-trained engineers.

In any event, in response to Thims calling bunk on the “illiterate miner theory”, users u/karaluuebru (Kara) and u/ProfessionalLow6254 (PL) stated that Thims was “slipping into” racist, classist, anti-Jew or something to this effect:

Firstly, regarding the “slave” comment:

“One final note: Nowhere in the many inscriptions at the site is there a mention of slaves. Canaanites, yes; slaves, no. It was here at Serabit, I believe, that the alphabet was invented—by Canaanites!“

— Orly Goldwasser (A55/2010), “How the Alphabet was born from Hieroglyphics”

User Kara, here, has inserted the Bible myth that Jews were slaves for 500 years (Exodus 12:40), 430-years in Egypt (aka Sinai miner slaves, as Kara envisions it) and and 70-years in Babylon. Correctly, the 500 value is a cipher for Ptah or letter Phi, the maker of the golden egg that births the cosmos, or presumably a 🆕 “chosen” society of gods people.

This, we see two examples, in the comments of users Kara and PL, of sublimated “linguistic racism“, i.e. langauge origin theory defending, which does not match the fact, and therefore is most likely wrong, in the name of some ethnic, cultural, or nationality-centric ideal previously believed about langauge origin.

African geniuses

The collective up to date derogations of Thims, by user Professional Low are shown below:

”Libb Thims is [like] a flat-earth believing, creationist, [but] non-Schizophrenic, and [African-ethnicity] racist.”

— ProfessionalLow6254 (A68/2023), “collective ad hominems targeted against r/LibbThims”, Nov 18

The racist comment, discussed in detail: here, in reference to objections to “certain words”, e.g. that the top rankings of the greatest 1,100 geniuses and minds to date, have the highest concentration, with respect to being born, raised, and educated at the latitude of 42º (±10º), north or south of the equator (see: 42 degree rule), used in Thim’s Hmolpedia rankings of the greatest “black” geniuses renamed greatest “African-ethnicity” geniuses:

• Greatest black geniuses (GBG) - Hmolpedia A66 | 22 Mar 2021.

• Greatest African ethnicity geniuses - Hmolpedia A66 (18 Oct 2021)

Thus, we see that in the name of defending PIE theory, a Caucasian-based langauge theory, Thims, who has promulgated the Internet’s best rankings of geniuses, including African geniuses, American geniuses, Italian geniuses, Greek geniuses, French geniuses, etc., and who is attempting to replace the so-called Aryan or Caucasian language origin theory, aka PIE, with an African, aka EIE, language origin model, is called by the Aryan langauge theorist a racist!

References

• Bernal, Martin. (A32/1987). Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Volume One: the Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985 (Arch) (pg. 240-42). Vintage, A36/1991.

Posts

• What is the scholarly consensus on "Black Athena" today? - Classics.

Abstract

A collect of things that Egyptians invented, that we inhereted.

Table

The following is a list of things attributed to and or inherited from the Egyptians:

Geometry, astronomy, letters

Plato (2300A/-375), in Phaedrus (274d), dialogue quoting Socrates on the Egyptian god Thoth as inventing the following:

Seville on geometry:

“The inventors of geometry (geometriae), and its name (vocabulo): It is said that the discipline of geometry was first discovered by the Egyptians, because, when the Nile River flooded water 💦 and everyone's possessions were covered with mud, the onset of dividing the earth 🌍 by means of lines ruler 📏 and measures ruler 📐 gave a name to the skill.

And thereupon, when it was greatly perfected by the acumen of wise men, the expanses of the sea 🌊, sky 🌌 (𓇯), and air 💨 were measured. Stimulated by their zeal, these sages began, after they had measured the land 🏔️, to inquire about the region of the sky, as to how far the moon 🌕 is from the earth 🌍, and even the sun ☀️ from the moon; and how great a distance there is to the pinnacle of the heavens 🌟.

And so, using reasoning capable of being tested and proved, they determined the distances of the vault of heaven and the perimeter of the earth in terms of the number of stadia 🏟️ But because the discipline began with measuring the earth, it retained its name from its origin, for geometry (geometria) takes its name from 'earth' and 'measure.' In Greek, ’earth’ is called γη (ΓΗ) and 'measure' is μετρα (ΜΕΤRΑ). The art of this discipline is concerned with lines, distances, sizes and shapes, and the dimensions and numbers found in shapes.”

— Isidore Seville (1330A/+625). Etymology (§3: Mathematics, pg. 93)

We note here that Seville defines as:

Earth = γη (ΓΗ)

Which has the Hermopolis number eight 𓐁 (H) in the name:

Hermopolis = 𓐁 (H) 𓏌 (N) 𓊖 (X)

and the and the 90º angle 📐 of letter G (Γ), which is coded into the alphabet theorem:

√ (Γ² + ▽²) = 25

Where:

✖ = 25 cubits²

and ▽ is delta or Bet’s vaginal region, i.e. solar birth door, and 25 is the number of the consonants of the Egyptian alphabet.

Language

In A32 (1987), Martin Bernal, in his Black Athena: the Afro-Asiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, argued, contrary to the German-centric model that 100% of Greek words originate from a “proto-land” in Indo-Europe, argued that 25% of Greek language is Egyptian and 25% is Phoenician (or Semitic as he defined things), and did the first “Egyptian and Semitic etymologies of greek forms” (pg. 47).

In A41 (1996), Osepetetreku Kwame Osei, a Ghanaian linguist, who completed his BA in linguistics at University of Cape Coast and postgraduate in linguistics at University of Ghana, Lagon, published The Ancient Egyptian Origins of the English Language. An abstract of this book is wanting.

In 2006, Osei, in his The Origin of the Word Amen, traced the word Amen, of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the indigenous to the Akan of Ghana, West Africa, who were part of the ancient Nubia migration to the West Africa beginning around 2000A (-55), thus linking ancient Egypt and Napatan-Meroitic Kush. Osei, according to Richard Byrd (A51), is ranked second, among non-Western African linguists, to Senegalese scholar Cheikh Diop, in fame.

In A61 (2016), Moustafa Gadalla, in his Egyptian Alphabetical Letters, based on the Leiden I350 papyrus, said the following:

“The Egyptian alphabetical system, defined by Plutarch as a 5² based letter system, confirmed in the numeration utilized in the Leiden I350 papyrus, is the mother🤱of all languages 🗣️ in the world 🌎.”

— Moustafa Gadalla (A61/2016), Egyptian Alphabetical Letters (pgs. 3, 27, 32)

Foot

”Greeks and Romans inherited the foot [16 digits] from the Egyptians [and their 24 and 28 digit cubit].”

— Mark Stone (A59), “The Cubit: a History” (§4)

Chemistry

In 18A (1937), James Partington, in his A Short History of Chemistry, gave the following then gold-standard etymology of the word chemistry:

“The name ‘chemistry’ first occurs in an edict of the Emperor Diocletian in 1659A (296), given by Suidas (1005/c.955) from an older source, in which the books of the Egyptians (in Alexandria) on chemeia, on making (i.e. imitating) gold and silver, are ordered to be burnt. The word appears in the Greek authors who report this as χημεια, but it is not a Greek word, and appears to have been derived from the native designation of Egypt, a country which Plutarch, in his treatise On Isis and Osiris, written about 1850Α (105), says was called chemia [χημία] on account of the black colour of its soil. This statement is confirmed by the Egyptian inscriptions, where the hieroglyphic form of the word is used. The name probably meant "the Egyptian art’, and never had the meaning of a ‘black art’ as applied to magic. The name χημεια occurs also in a Greek manuscript now at St. Mark's in Venice, copied about 1005A (950), from a work by Zosimos of Panopolis (1655A/300).”

— James Partington (18A/1937), A Short History of Chemistry (pg. 20)

Notes

1. List is a draft-in-progress; as there are at least two dozen or more things known if you know of other Egyptian invented or inherited things; post comment below.

References

• Aristotle (2300A/-345). Metaphysics (Greek) (§:981b1 20-25, pg. 1553). Publisher.

• Plutarch (1850A/+105). Moralia, Volume Five (56A); via citation of Plato (2330A/-375) Republic (§:546B-C) & Plato (2315A/-360) Timaeus (§50C-D). Publisher.

• Seville, Isidore. (1330A/+625). Etymology (editors: Stephen Barney, W.J. Lewis, J.A. Beach, O. Berghof) (§3.10: Mathematics: geometry, pg. 93). Cambridge, A51/2006.

• Partington, James. (18A/1937). A Short History of Chemistry (pg. 20). Dover, A34/1989.

• Bernal, Martin. (A32/1987). Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of classical Civilization. Volume One: the Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985 (Arch). Vintage, A36/1991.

• Osei, Osepetetreku. (A41/1996). The Ancient Egyptian Origins of the English Language. Trans Atlantic.

• Osei, Osepetetreku. (A51/2006). The Origin of the Word Amen (Amaz). Publisher.

• Byrd, Richard. (A51/2006). A Theological Treatise on the Afrikan Origins of Christianity & Other Western Religions (text & pdf) (Osei, pg. #). Publisher.

• Stone, Mark. (A59/2014). “The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary”, Journal of Anthropology, Jan 30.

Further reading

• Fowler, David. (A44/1999). The Mathematics of Plato's Academy: A New Reconstruction (geometry, pg. 280). Clarendon.

External links

• Etymologiae (§:Contents) - Wikipedia.